CDM Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
What are the three parts of EBD
A
Best evidence, clinical judgement and patient circumstances
2
Q
What is confirmation bias
A
people tend to believe what they hear from new or friends without looking farterh
3
Q
What is prevalence
A
What is the frequency
4
Q
What is risk
A
What causes the problem
5
Q
What is diagnosis
A
Does the person have it
6
Q
What is therapy
A
What is the best treatment
7
Q
What is prognosis
A
Who will get the problem
8
Q
What is phenomena
A
What are the concerns
9
Q
Why use Pubmeb
A
It is free
It has articles that MEDLINE doesnt have
Uses MeSH terms
10
Q
What are MeSH terms
A
Medical subject heading
Specific terms
filters articles
11
Q
Why use clincial queries
A
Search tools and
sorts things into
clinical categories
systemci review
medical gneetics
12
Q
What does clinical queries allow you to search based on
A
etiology
diagnosis
therapy
prognosis
clinical predictions
13
Q
Do you start with advanced or clinical queries
A
clinical queries
14
Q
What does AND do in a search
A
requires both terms to be searched
15
Q
What does OR do in a search
A
Either term or both can be in the document
16
Q
What does NOT do in a search
A
It subtracted the term from the results
17
Q
Whawt is the highest levels of evidence
A
Meta analysis
18
Q
What Q: Which is more effective at reduces caries: flouride or sealants?
A
Therapy
19
Q
What Q: Which is more accurate for identifying caries: radiographs or diagnodent
A
Diagnosis
20
Q
What does PICO stand for
A
Problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
21
Q
When searching using PICO what order do you search in
A
ICPO
22
Q
What PICO terms are the most necessary
A
IC
23
Q
What can you do to prevent cognitive bias
A
always question assumtion
keep an open mind
always question evidence
24
Q
What is logical fallacy
A
an error in logical argumentation
25
What is cognitive bias
a genuine deficiency or limitation in our thinking
26
Bandwagon effect?
tendency to do things because many others do the same
27
Confirmation bias?
looking for and valuing info that confirms what we believe
28
Gamblers fallacy
putting a tremendou amout of weight on previous events
29
Interview bias
distortion of response to an interview which results from differential reactions to the style and personality of the interview to their presention of questions
30
Normalcy bias
the refusal to plan for or act on a disaster which has never happened before
31
Measurment bias
systematically overstating or understanting the true value of a measurement
32
Negativity bias
paying more attention to negative news
33
Observation selection bias
suddenly noticing things that you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the frequency has increased
34
Performance bias
When one group of subjects gets more attention thatn another group
35
Positive expectation bias
a sense that our luck has to eventually change
36
Publication bias
when the otucome of a study influences the decsions whether to publush it
37
Question order
inadvertently influencing response due to the order question are asked
38
recall bias
participants to not remember previous events accuratly
39
Respondent fatigue bias
a phenomenon that occurs when survey participants become tired which results in the quality data
40
Response bias
tendency for participants to answer question untruthfully
41
Sampling/ selection bias
sample obtained is not reflective of the target population
42
Sponsor bias
study outcome that supports the interest study financial sponsor
43
Status quo bias
making choises that guarantee things remain the same
44
verification bias
outcomes more likely to be found in treatment group then control group
45
What is the purpsose of EBDM
close gap between research and practive
46
What is the optional component of PICO
C
47
The purpope of definign PICO question is to
identify a clearly focused question
consider what the client believes is important
provide key search terms
determine the type of evidence is required
48
Identify the P and I:
Mrs. Sanchez is a 58-year-old women who is concerned about getting root surface cavities due to her receding gums. Her children receive fluoride treatments to prevent cavities on their teeth and asks you if she should be getting professionally applied fluoride treatments. Having recently read an article on chlorhexidine varnish (CHx-V) for the prevention of root caries you want to reread it to see if a CHx-V or Fluoride Varnish, which you normally provide, will be more effective.
P: root caries
I: Chlorhexidine varnish
49
Identify P:
Kevin is a 26-year-old man who talks to you about e-cigarettes and wants to know if they can help him permanently stop smoking. He has smoked since he was 16 and has never tried to quit before, but recently he has noticed his gums are bleeding and thinks it is due to his smoking. He also asks if e-cigarettes are better than nicotine gum.
P: permanently stop smoking
50
What is research
results from an individal study
51
What is evidence
cumulative results across studies
52
What is validity
the deggre which a method provides accurate investigation of event in question
53
Internal validity threats are
Selection bias
maturation
instrumentation
54
What is External validity
ability to generate finding beyond the subject in study
55
Chronology bias
historic controls subject to change in practive
56
recall bias
skewed recollection of events
57
Quantitiatve inquire is
Only measurements are REAL
often numeric
58
Qualitative inquiry is
based on hemeneutics
measures subjective and dependent upon perceptual bias
59
What is a systemic review
refers to the netire process of selcing evalutaing evidence
60
What is meta analysis
combing data from a systemic review
61
Randomzed controll trial
whena trial subjects are randomly assigned a group
good for CAUSE AND EFFECT
62
Cohort study
Samples cohort that looks prospectivly
63
Case control study
compares patietns who have a disease with patients who doent have a disease and look retrospectivly
64
Cross sectional study
measure the otucome and exposure in study participants at the same time
65
Case reports
WEAKEST
detailed report of treament etc
66
What are examples of variables
Age
ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
disease
67
What is confounding varibale
Error
68
Null hypothesis is?
prediction that observed differences is due to change and not due to systmetic causes
69
Alt hypothesis is?
prediction that some observed difference is due to some knowable cause
70
p<.05 means
5% chance observed difference was due to chance
95% confident that resutls was due to IV
71
p<.001
.01% chance observed difference was due to chance
99.9% confidenct that results was due to IV
72
What is nominal and ex
category without rank
gender, hair color
73
What is ordinal and ex
label with some meaningful order
class rank, socioeconmic status, level of agreement
74
What is interval and ex
scaled measure with arbitrary zero
temp, IQ, SAT
75
What is ratio and ex
scaled measure with absolute zero
weight, income, years of education
76
What is effect size
statistical significance (p value) indicates difference between two groups
77
What can effect size measure
standard measure
calculated from various statistical outputs
78
What is relative risk
measure risk based on comparison of disease between two groups
exposed vs nonexposed
79
What is odds ration
estimate of association
comparting the odds of an event in one group wo the odds of an event in some comparsion group
80
Is RR or OR easier to inteprent
RR
81
What limits RR calculation
Case control designs because cases are selected on disease rather than exposure
82
What is sensitivity
proportion of patients with the disease who test positive
83
What is specificity
the proportion of patients withouth the disease who test negative
84
What is confidence interval
normal distribtion
tells you the range of unknown population rang
85
The three things of a conficdnce rank
86
What does a randomized control trial contain
one varied condition
concurrent enrollment
random assignments
follow uo
87
What is a research question
indicates an exploratory investigation without any real questions
88
A hypothesis
will use the word hypothesis
89
What test does nominal use
chi square, mcnemear
90
What test does ordinal use
mann whitner, wilcoxon
91
What test does interval and ratio
T test and ANOVA
92
