CDO SG Flashcards

Question

 How do you see CDO in briefing process for SAR chain of command? Does it change for any mission area?

Answer 1

o CDO takes care of external briefings that don’t directly involve the discussion of SAR phases, dispatching of assets, or operational response. Decisions are made with the OU level and once the operational plan is determined via consulting with the SMC/AIROPS, then the CDO steps in and provides informational briefs to PAO/Other Sectors/D8/LANTAREA/NCC.

Answer 2

o Designed to assist all Sector Departments in the event of an injury, illness, or death to USCG Members or damage to USCG Resources. o Primary objective: People (rescue and safety) o Secondary objective: Evidence preservation o Safety Officer maintains the MRP o CANNOT provide any information regarding a MISHAP over the phone. Defer to PAO or CO.

Answer 3

o Risk Management is the systematic, 5-step process to identify, assess, and control hazards that if not managed will increase risk exposure. Because conditions can change during a mission, the RM process is dynamic and continuous. * Hazard: any real or potential condition that can cause mission degradation, injury, illness, death to personnel, damage to or loss of equipment/property. * SMCs, via the CDO, shall ensure risk assessments are conducted, communicated, and documented at all levels of the SAR response and conduct briefings prior to launching or diverting resources for a particular SAR mission. SAR personnel shall be given all relevant details of the distress and all instructions for the SAR operation. This briefing shall, at a minimum, discuss the mission objective and all foreseeable hazards that might be encountered by the responding units. * SMCs shall ensure that all assets tasked understand the mission and the known risks and have an appropriate SAR action plan. SMCs shall continually assess the situation as the mission proceeds, and consciously and continually weigh the associated risks against the desired gain. * SMCs shall be responsive to safety or capability concerns raised by cutter CO/OinCs, aircraft commanders, and coxswains, and modify the SAR action plan as appropriate. * SRU - Conduct ORM prior to/while conducting mission * OSC - Verify SRU assumptions, pass situational awareness issues (weather concerns, significant mission changes, etc.) down to SRUs/up to CC; exercise overall O/S ORM * OU - Incorporate ORM into mission planning and recommendations, escalate ORM issues as needed. * CDO - Ensure CC ORM is conducted and reassessed as needed. * SMC - Utilize ORM while making mission decisions. o Discuss the GAR 2.0 assessment sheet; provide sufficient knowledge on how it’s calculated, factors attributing to the score, etc. * PEACE model (planning, event complexity, asset selection, communication, environmental conditions) Purpose: identify hazards * Use LOW/MEDIUM/HIGH for each category * STAAR model (spread out, transfer, avoid, accept, reduce) Purpose: identify options * SPE – Assess Risk (Severity/Probability/Exposure) * GAR (ID Hazard, Assess Hazard, Develop Controls/Make Decision, Implement Controls, Supervise/Evaluate) * Discuss the Risk Zones (Low, Medium, High)

Answer 4

o Terrorism risk analysis tool o Ranks targets and directs attack mode parings based on threats, vulnerability, and consequences. o MSRAM/CIKR * CIKR is critical infrastructure/key resources. * Refers to maritime infrastructure or resources a risk for terrorism. * List of CIKR on ODO’s website – conditional and permanent.

Answer 5

o Captain of the Port (COTP): * Administering and enforcing the Port Safety Marine Environmental Response and Waterways Management programs within the boundaries of the COTP zone as defined in the regulations in 33CFR3. * Authority to restrict or close waterways * 33 CFR 165.40 Restricted Waterfront Areas * Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 and Port and Tanker Safety Act of 1978 * Assistance 33 CFR 6 subpart 6.04-11

Answer 6

In charge of an inspection zone for inspections, enforcement, and admin of Title 33 and Title 46. The OCMI’s duties are to administer, enforce, and give direction to the programs that implement the marine safety statutes, relative to: * Inspection of vessels * Inspection of shipyards and facilities * Investigation of marine casualties and accidents * Licensing and certification of seaman * Inspection of mobile offshore drilling units * Detection of, and investigations into reports of, violations of statutes or regulations, misconduct, incompetence, or misbehavior of merchant mariners * Enforcement of the navigation and inspection laws, relating to seamen in general * Detection of unsafe conditions and practices * Application and enforcement of all treaties, agreements, MOUs, etc. involving marine safety matters.

Answer 7

The FMSC is the COTP. The COTPs are the FMSC for their respective COTP zones described in 33CFR3, including all ports and areas located therein. The FMSC is authorized: * Develop an area maritime security plan and coordinate actions under the National Transportation Security Plan. * Authority to establish, convene and direct the Area Maritime Security Committee and develop/maintain the plan. MSTA 2002, 33CFR103.205

Answer 8

* Responsible for providing direction, support, and coordination for USCG missions/functions performed by their subordinate units for SAR. * Obtain and evaluate all data * Dispatch appropriate units * Develop search plans which include determining limits for the search area, selecting the search pattern, and designating the OSC.

Answer 9

(FOSC) has the ultimate authority in a response operation and shall ensure an effective and immediate removal of a discharge, and mitigation or prevention of a substantial threat of a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance. * Removal of a discharge and mitigation/prevention of a threat of discharge of oil or other HAZMAT. * Undesignated areas: nearer to the coastal area of responsibility of 100 yds from the junction with, or the first bridge crossing, any river discharging into a saltwater body. * For spills originating on land, but with impact or potential impact to navigable waters, need to determine EPA or USCG jurisdiction * AOR: * 12NM offshore * Highway 77 separates inland with coastal.

Answer 10

o Parking lot on far-left side beside the AIRSTA.

Answer 11

o Safe 1, drawer 1. o 2 master keys and 1 electronic master key o CDO will have in possession at all times, do not give out, even to security! o Call CSO if you have to open the 702

Answer 12

o The SCC and Intel are on a different UPS than the rest of the unit, which provides 8 extra hours if the emergency generator does not kick on. o Emergency generator power is immediate and provides full power to the CC.

Answer 13

o Initiate EAP (as needed) * Fire Protection * Emergency Protection * Storage location is expected to remain secure and free of damage * If location is exposed to first responders, must make a list of people that went in the space. * Secure all material in safes and lock (spin dial, flip sign, log on 701/702) * Emergency Removal * Location is not expected to remain secure and free of damage * Evacuation will be long term * Inventory prior to and after removal to secure location * Emergency Destruction * Precautionary: destroy superceded/reserve material (SECRET  CONFIDENTIAL) * Complete: destroy all keying material and zeroize STE, destroy COMSEC Aids and zeroize equipment * TACLANE (red button x3) * XTS-5000R (purple and orange buttons) * With sledgehammer: iAPP hard drive, SIPR hard drive, TACLANE, KSV-21 card o If you have time, grab a VHF handheld or two and 702s from the safe. o Consider SMIB if stations cannot monitor R21 or if after hours o Shift comms guards (if any) from Sector to STA/Aircraft. Consider launching HC-144 for coverage if needed. o Make internal notifications (SCC Chief/Supervisor) o Make external notifications (Sector HG/D8/Stations) o Notify FACENG/Building Manager/Security o Make emergency calls as needed (911) o As you depart: * Ensure all members are out of space * Close all safes and spin locks * Grab CDO phone * Spin lock and set alarm * Muster at location in parking lot * Notify Sector Commander/Deputy * Notify Response/SMC/AIROPS/EMFR/PREV/LOGS * Notify CSO/Security

Answer 14

o Receive report or event occurs o Notify SCC Chief or CDO to determine where COOP location will be * Robstown Fairgrounds (for full ICP, send SCC rep) * Sector Houston Galveston (MOU), STA Port Aransas (soon), SPI, depending on the threat/trajectory of storm or logistics needs. * OSC Martinsburg, WV o ID COOP watchstanders (Watch Scheduler/Chiefs) * 2 SU, SCC Chief w/ ICP * 2 CU/2 SU/2 OU to COOP location o Coor’d w/ Logistics for TONOs/Orders/Travel Card Limits as needed o AIRSTA can potentially provide transportation o Clearance messages for personnel to COOP location (if Sector HG) o Go-kits o Grab R21 Network attached storage hard drives from server room o EAP as needed (use EAP cards in CU booths) o Hurricane (Cat 4 & above or otherwise directed): Primary direction is to COOP at OSC Martinsburg. Long term solution is to map the Sector Corpus Christi's RFFs to the Disaster Recovery (DR) server at OSC Martinsburg, then direct the signal to the Rescue21 Workstation at either Station South Padre Island or Sector Houston Galveston. o This request to COOP will funnel through District 8 CC, to District 8 DT (District Telecommunications) who will route the request to C3CEN for planning purposes. o Sector Houston Galveston: 01 Command Rep, 02 certified OU's and 02 certified CU's will be the initial compliment. o Robstown IMT: Command Center Staff and 02 certified SU's will manage the incident. o CG Station Contingency: 01 Command Rep, 02 certified OU's, 02 certified SU's and 02 certified CU's will be the initial compliment. o Send out C2OIX message for COOP establishment o Issue SMIB: “US COAST GUARD Sector Corpus Christi TX is experiencing a temporary communications outage, due to a re-route of the system. The duration of this outage is undetermined currently. Mariners are encouraged to contact the Coast Guard by calling 361-939-0450 via phone if possible or any alternate means should they hear any calls for assistance.” o Once COOP is in place, follow EVAC procedures above.

Answer 15

o In the absence of the CMS manager (OSC Jimenez), the CDO shall be designated as the on-scene leader for the EAP and determine the composition of the team designated to effect emergency removal/destruction. o Utilize the following chain of command to determine proper action: * Sector CO * Deputy CO * Response * If none of them can be reached, the CDO makes the decision. o Notify D8 and LANTAREA CMS manager o Shift radio guards (AIRSTA/STAs) o Prior to evacuation, turn off all circuits, all equipment zeroized, and any excess material secured in safe. Send out OPCEN evacuation SMIB. o Set code to door and spin lock (OS1 Taylor/OSC Jimenez have codes) o SAFETY IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN CLASSIFED MATERIAL o TYPES: * Emergency Stowage: * Securing all classified/COMSEC material in locked safes * Act to secure ASAP in the event of emergencies that force SCC out of routine OPS * Emergency Removal: * Removal of all classified/COMSEC material to another secure location * Must maintain two-person integrity during transfer * Prevent unauthorized viewing of material * Any emergency that has the potential to rupture secure storage space integrity should be considered cause to initiate emergency removal * Emergency Destruction: * Requires complete or partial destruction of all classified or COMSEC material (KSV 21 (1), and hit the TACLANE button 3 times to zeroize. Remove key) * Example – immediate threat by foreign/domestic enemies

Answer 16

o Primary: Valent Hall multipurpose room o Secondary: Richard M. Borchard Regional Fairgrounds – 1213 Terry Shamsie Blvd. Robstown, TX 78380 o Tertiary: TSA, Renaissance Plaza, Suite 1000, 70 NE Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78216 o Command Center will remain in Valent Hall unless we lose functionality of key systems (R21, power, C2OIX, etc.)

Answer 17

o Aircraft: * If an aircraft fails to check in on either the primary or secondary frequency within 5 minutes of its communications schedule, the communications guard unit takes all necessary action to reestablish communications, either directly or through another unit. * Callouts on primary/secondary freqs (x3 minimum) * Callouts on UHF guard 345.0/121.5/243.0 and COTHEN (aircraft) * Contact nearest CG unit / parent unit to see if they have or can establish comms * Request HF comms from COMMCOMM (aircraft) * Contact destination air facility * Contact WADS to attempt contact in last known area (aircraft) * Task CG assets to attempt comms * Cell phones * Issue UMIB (DISTRESS) o U/W Vessels * If an underway vessel fails to check in on either the primary or secondary frequency within 10 minutes of its communication schedule, OPCON takes all necessary action to reestablish communications, either directly or through another unit. * Notify parent command * Notify District CC * UMIB (DISTRESS)

Answer 18

To provide a streamlined notification system and to rapidly disseminate initial, limited information about critical incidents throughout the Coast Guard and to interagency partners until more deliberate Situation Reports (SITREPs) can be developed.

Answer 19

* Terrorist attack / suspected terrorist attack * Attack resulting in MTS disruption * Attack on or apparently significant accident involving maritime critical infrastructure or key assets, key port complexes that significantly disrupts operations of the maritime transportation system or affects the movement of high-capacity passenger vessels, or high value units. * A Transportation Security Incident resulting in significant loss of life, environmental damage, transportation system disruption, or economic disruption. * A major marine casualty. * Class A mishap to CG assets. * RAD II Pager hit * MARSEC Change * Receipt of intel/info that command deems actionable and of such importance/urgency that requires immediate attention of Commandant, higher authority, or cross-service dissemination. * Any incident in opinion of CO that equates to the above criteria.

Answer 20

* T+5: Initial Report – Vertical dissemination * D8 * NCC * T+15: Information dissemination – Horizontal Communications * NCC emails Critical Incident Report * Within T+30: Follow-on update – Commander’s Conference * CGCC * D8 * PAC AREA * COMDT * T+02hr: Coordination – Video Teleconference * Battle Rhythm: * SCC SITREPs: 0600Z, 1800Z * Area SITREP: 2000Z * CG SITREP: 2200Z

Answer 21

o limited to maritime facilities/bases o Authority to raise MARSEC level resides with Commandant, promulgated through EXORDs. o COTP/FMSC may raise the MARSEC level only in exigent circumstances. MARSEC levels can only be lowered by Commandant. o Regulated entities must report implementation of MARSEC measures within 12 hours. * Level 1 – minimum appropriate protective security measures shall be always maintained * Level 2 – elevated level of security for which additional protective measures shall be maintained for a period because of heightened risk of a transportation security incident (TSI). Sustainable for weeks/months. * Level 3 – highest level of security for which further specific protective security measures shall be maintained for a limited period when a TSI is probable, imminent, or has already occurred o If COTP has raised MARSEC due to a local threat, DADSAFE is required o AWS-PP alert o C2OIX message

Answer 22

o Normal – no current terrorist activity o Alpha – general terrorist threat o Bravo – predictable terrorist threat o Charlie – terrorist attack has occurred or is imminent o Delta – terrorist attack is taken place or has occurred in immediate area

Answer 23

o Aircraft: * One B-0 helo or ALPHA if flying in local area * Mission training hours for ready crew limited to 2 hours each duty day o Stations: * Mission training hours are limited to 4 hours each duty day. * B-0 Readiness

Answer 24

* Wave height is 8 ft or more * Wind speed 30 kts or more

Answer 25

ASSET WINDS SEAS DISTANCE OFFSHORE/RADIUS of Action DRAFT MAX SPEED MAX ENDURANCE (hrs) Hoist Capabilities TOWING VSL Length/GT 24’SPC SW 25 4 5 nm 2’6” 41 kts 8 N/A 5 tons 29’RBS 25 6 10 nm 2’9“ 47 kts 8 N/A 10 tons 33’SPC-LE 30 8 50 nm 3’5” 50 kts 8 N/A 20 tons 45’RBM 50 10 50 nm 3’4” 40 kts 10 N/A 100 tons MH-65 N/A 375/150 nm N/A 120 kts 2.2 245 ft/600 lbs N/A HC-144 N/A 2000/880 nm N/A 220 kts 11 N/A N/A WPB-87 12 800 nm 6’ 25 kts 3 days N/A 200 tons ** Any case over 50 nm O/S requires waiver ** Seas <4ft = 10 max hours Seas >4ft = 8 max hours Heavy WX = 6 max hours **<50F water/air, no training, waiver for SAR required ** Minimum of 10 hours rest required for every 24-hour period **HH-65 radius of action reduced to approximately 120nm with the addition of a rescue swimmer.

Answer 26

o Heavy Weather: Wave height > 8 ft, wind > 30 kts o Unsafe Conditions: Unsafe Condition is defined as: Wave height (W) is greater than the length of the boat (L) divided by 10 plus the freeboard (F). (L/10+F=W). These conditions establish the minimum criteria of what may be unsafe. The COTP or his/her designated representative will take into consideration any additional factors they feel are relevant based on their experience and/or the nature of the waterway including, but not limited to, tidal state, wave height, current and forecasted weather, current direction/speed, day or night, etc. o Impacts SAR response by limiting asset abilities based on crew fatigue standards, standby priorities, and if there is a closure, USCG cannot respond via surface asset. o CO/OINC makes determinations on behalf of the COTP; however, bar closures must be as per the discretion of the COTP.

Answer 27

o Maintained by EMFR (LTJG Ragan) o Hurricane: a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds over 64 kts o Tropical Storm: a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds between 34-63 kts o Hurricane Season: 01JUN-30NOV. Immediately enter HURCON V on 01JUN. Must send attainment message via C2OIX. * HURCON IV: Set 72 hours prior to arrival of sustained gale force winds associated with tropical cyclone activity * HURCON III: Set 48 hours prior to arrival of sustained gale force winds associated with tropical cyclone activity * All units check emergency equipment * Vessels at sea maneuver to avoid * Vessels in port fuel to 75%, assume B-2 * ATON vessels offload buoys * Secure buildings * HURCON II: Set 24 hours prior to arrival of sustained gale force winds associated with tropical cyclone activity. (WARNING CONDITION) * Recall personnel * Move vessels to safe moorings/anchorages * Aviation units prepare to evacuate. * HURCON I: Set 12 hours prior to the arrival of sustained gale force winds associated with tropical cyclone activity (DANGER Condition) * Evacuate aviation aircraft as necessary

Answer 28

HURCON PORTCON DEFINITION PORT STATUS IV WHISKEY Set when gale force winds arriving w/I 72 hours OPEN III X-RAY Set when gale force winds arriving w/I 48 hours OPEN II YANKEE Set when gale force winds arriving w/I 24 hours RESTRICTED I ZULU Set when gale force winds arriving W/I 12 hours CLOSED

Answer 29

o SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY: An advisory issued by coastal and Great Lakes Weather Forecast Offices (WFO) for areas included in the Coastal Waters Forecast or Near shore Marine Forecast (NSH) products. Thresholds governing the issuance of small craft advisories are specific to geographic areas. A Small Craft Advisory may also be issued when sea or lake ice exists that could be hazardous to small boats. o GALE WARNING: To indicate winds within the range 34 to 47 knots are forecast for the area. o STORM WARNING: To indicate winds 48 knots and above, no matter how high the speed, are forecast for the area. However, if the winds are associated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane), the STORM WARNING indicates that winds within the range 48-63 knots are forecast. o HURRICANE WARNING: An announcement that hurricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or higher) are expected somewhere within the specified coastal area. Because hurricane preparedness activities become difficult once winds reach tropical storm force, the hurricane warning is issued 24 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds. o Heavy weather is defined as seas and swell conditions to exceed 8 feet and/or winds exceeding 30 knots.

Answer 30

o USCG Involvement in Mexican TS o Cases beyond 50 nm and/or longer than 24 hours in duration o When Sector requests JRCC to assume o 406 EPIRB/ELT until position and situation ascertained o MRO o DOD resources being used o When a case crosses Sector or District boundaries

Answer 31

o UNCERTAINTY: knowledge of a situation that may need to be monitored, or to have more information gathered, but that does not require moving resources. o ALERT: when a craft or person is experiencing some difficulty and may need assistance but is not in immediate danger or in need of immediate response. Apprehension is usually associated with the ALERT phase. o DISTRESS: when grave or imminent danger requiring immediate response to the distress scene threatens a craft or person.

Answer 32

o Inland SAR is responsibility of Air Force o AF has no resources dedicated specifically to SAR but serves as a coordinator of other assets when Inland SAR is required. Local and state authorities are primary resources for Inland SAR, NOT USCG. o If USCG assistance is requested, it must be approved via the following chain: o AIRSTA CO has ultimate discretion in denying requests for inland SAR for safety reasons and should always maintain a ready resource to respond to maritime SAR. o Once D8 (SMC) has approved request for Inland SAR, AFRCC and JRCC will obtain a Mission Control Number (MCN). o SMC will not normally be USCG. USCG will serve as the Mission Coordinator for CG Response (MC-CGR) o JRCC will work directly with AFRCC and pass info as necessary to Sector. Use MISLE IMA to document. o For requests originating in National Parks, NPS will assume SMC and AFRCC will coordinate with JRCC Seattle for assets. o CONSIDERATIONS: * H-60 operates better in thin air (mountain rescues) * H-65 has longer hoist cable

Answer 33

o MAYDAY does not need to be stated o Develop RSA: Reasonable search includes 1 hour by air, 2 by boat, 50% POS o PRECOMS/EXCOMS o MAYDAY relay UMIB o LOB analysis o SRU launch along LOB o Who is required to listen to the recording on an UNCOR? * SMC * D8 o Antenna height assumptions: * 1 Watt radio * 6 m antenna height * associated with Sea area 1 – VHF transmission

Answer 34

* Established by IMO in 1988 and carriage requirements are mandated through SOLAS. * Ship-to-shore method of communicating distress. It provides for the automatic identification of the caller and the location of a vessel in distress. Includes INMARSAT, EPIRBs, or DSC, and use of traditional HF/MF/VHF-FM * Establishes Sea Areas * SA1: VHF-FM range (< 20 nm) * SA2: MF range (excludes SA1) (20 nm – 100 nm) * SA3: HF/Inmarsat range within coverage of a GEO satellite (open ocean) * SA4: Area outside of SA 1-3 (Polar regions)

Answer 35

VHF-FM Channel 70 for distress, urgency, safety, routine, ship’s business, and test calling. Category, MMSI, and Position/Nature of Distress. For DSC calls that cannot be correlated, a UMIB should be made, utilizing the distressed vessel’s MMSI. If communications cannot be established, the SMC should use the vessel's MMSI to query the MMSI Database maintained by OSC Martinsburg, the MARS database located on the ITU's website, or other sources to identify the distressed caller. Where no communications are possible, but a position is provided, assets should be dispatched to investigate as soon as possible. If no communications are possible and the MMSI is not registered, then treat the distress call as an uncorrelated mayday.

Answer 36

narrow band direct printing telegraphy for transmission of navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent info to ships with MF. Coast Guard RCCs shall disseminate and monitor search and rescue (SAR) distress related information using the INMARSAT SafetyNET system when the SAR case location is deemed to be outside the coverage of NAVTEX. In general, NAVTEX coverage extends to 200 NM off the coast.

Answer 37

Simplex Teletypewriter Over Radio for long-range ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications and transmissions of Maritime Safety Information (MSI).

Answer 38

SafetyNET messages are a tool used by Coast Guard SAR Mission Coordinators (SMCs) to alert the maritime public to a distress or potential distress situation. SafetyNET messages should be issued whenever the SMC determines that important maritime information needs to reach beyond the coverage of NAVTEX UMIBs. In cases near the outer ranges of NAVTEX coverage, both a NAVTEX UMIB and a SafetyNET message should be broadcast. SafetyNET messages shall be broadcasted when UMIBs would normally be required for Sea Area A3. The International Maritime organization registers and authorizes Rescue Coordination Centers (RCCs) to broadcast, via SafetyNET, shore to ship distress priority alerts and other urgent information. SafetyNET is a service of Inmarsat's Enhanced Group Call (EGC) system and was specifically designed for promulgation of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) as a part of GMDSS. The EGC system (technically a part of the INMARSAT-C system) provides an automatic, global method of broadcasting messages to all GMDSS-equipped vessels in both fixed and variable geographical areas or to predetermined groups of ships.

Answer 39

for distress alerting via telex only, data communications and reception of MSI. INMARSAT C telex replies to ships sending distress alert messages are sent using distress priority. Command Centers have access to a web page established and maintained by INMARSAT C provider, TELENOR. This web page allows the RCCs to send distress priority messages to the vessel, or vessels in the vicinity of the distressed vessel.

Answer 40

Satellite Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon for distress alerting and locating survivors of distress incidents (406 MHz). component of GMDSS-- are integrated into the COSPASSARSAT system, which is an international joint venture in satellite-aided search and rescue. The concept involves the use of multiple satellites in low, near-polar orbits (LEOs) and geostationary satellites (GEOs) "listening" for distress transmissions from emergency beacons. The signals received by the satellites are relayed to a network of COSPAS-SARSAT ground stations where the location of the emergency is determined by measuring the doppler shift induced by the satellite motion relative to the distress signal. The fact that an alert has been detected, along with its position, is then relayed by way of a national Mission Control Center (MCC) to an appropriate national RCC or to another international MCC for initiation of the SAR activities. While EPIRBs are the primary equipment providing SARSAT emergency notification in the maritime environment, both Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) used aboard aircraft and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) function identically within the SARSAT system.

Answer 41

Search and Rescue (radar) Transponder, for locating survival craft. The SAR Transponder (SART) is used for locating survival craft in the 9 GHz frequency band (9200-9500 MHz). Unique signals (swept frequency) are generated for interpretation only after being triggered by ship or aircraft radar. Range of air is 40 nautical miles; surface is 10 nautical miles.

Answer 42

Automatic Identification System-Search and Rescue Transmitter for locating survival craft. The AIS-Search and Rescue Transmitter is a portable manual-deployment survivor locating device intended for use on life rafts or survival craft and is an alternative to a radar SART. AIS SARTs are also used for personal locator beacons and man-overboard devices.

Answer 43

Satellite Emergency Notification Devices are alerting devices for individual use and are often confused with 406 MHz PLBs. Distress alerts are typically sent to a central commercial emergency call center for initial SCCeening. These call centers will liaison with the appropriate SAR responder to notify them of the distress. Command Centers are reminded that the devices may offer more services than just distress alerting, such as tracking or two-way text messaging. Command Centers may be able to communicate directly with the person in distress, enabling them to outfit and send the most appropriate SAR asset. SENDs alerts must be carefully evaluated and responded to in accordance with normal SAR case evaluation procedures (Uncertainty, Alert, Distress).

Answer 44

is a program that identifies and plots Amver vessels worldwide. This is especially useful in the event of a maritime emergency. RCC input includes the distressed vessel’s position, type, and time of SURPIC. Output is a text list of the closest vessels within a defined area and a selected subset of available vessel information. A graphic display of the information is available for U.S. Coast Guard RCCs. (Radius/Rectangle/Trackline)

Answer 45

Cospas-Sarsat provides the IBRD as a readily available means for beacon owners to register their beacons. The registration information contained in the IBRD is available 24-hours-per-day, seven-days-per-week for assisting SAR Services in SAR operations. Administrations that maintain their own national registers are encouraged to upload their registration data to the IBRD to make their national beacon registration data available as quickly and easily as possible to SAR personnel on a 24-hour basis. The IBRD can be used not only for registering 406 MHz EPIRBs, but also 406 MHz emergency locator transmitters (ELTs) carried on board aircraft, and personal locator beacons (PLBs) designed for personal use.

Answer 46

* When SAR watchstanders have determined that a case is in the distress phase, they may contact cellular companies to obtain call-identifying information through the cellular tower locator process. * However, to obtain this data without permission of the individual, exigent circumstances must exist. SAR watchstanders must determine that the case is in the distress phase and shall articulate that they believe the subject is in imminent danger. If a SAR watchstander determines that a case is in the alert or uncertainty phase, the watchstander shall complete pre-comms and ex-comms to investigate or obtain information on a vessel’s location. * Most cellular service providers offer some of the following services to assist in locating the origin of cellular calls from disoriented boaters. * Call Trace: Carrier can determine which tower is receiving the call and an approximate arc of distance from the cell tower. * Call Trace Modified * Cell Traffic Recording: A carrier can determine the cell location of the last call placed by the subSCCiber given the cellular telephone number. * Tap: This function provides notification when a call is made from the user’s phone; beneficial in overdue cases. * Caller ID

Answer 47

* AFRCC/CAP (Civil Air Patrol) provides cell forensics support on CONUS search and rescue missions. * CAP acts on behalf of AFRCC to collect information from cellular providers and other data sources * CAP Cell Forensics only supports AFRCC missions. Tasking must come from AFRCC.

Answer 48

Cospas-Sarsat is an international satellite system designed to detect and locate distress beacons (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon – EPIRB; Emergency Locator Transmitter – ELT; and Personal Locator Beacon – PLB) transmitting on the internationally protected 406.0-406.1 MHz distress frequency provides additional information concerning distress beacons and a more thorough overview of the Cospas-Sarsat system). The Cospas-Sarsat system was established to support maritime and aeronautical safety by providing timely, accurate, and reliable distress alert information to SAR authorities worldwide. Fundamental system components include SAR-capable satellites, ground processing equipment, and 406 MHz distress beacons.

Answer 49

When activated, a 406 MHz distress beacon will transmit a unique digital code, referred to as a hexadecimal identification (HEX ID), which specifies the beacon type and enables registration data to be associated with the beacon. * EPIRB Types: * CAT 1: Auto activate w/ manual option * CAT 2: Manually activated (usually older, tend to activate due to dry rot, age, etc. However, if its manually activated, normally that should up your concern because someone had to physically do that)

Answer 50

* Low Earth Orbit (LEO) * Limited view (800-900 km) * Orbits earth every 100 minutes * Can pick up weak signals. * Utilizes Doppler to calculate a location. Needs at least 3 hits to get a location. Can consolidate LEO hits to ID solution. * Interval between passes is about 30-45 minutes (around 1/hour). * Once received, info is stored so it can be transmitted down to a LEOLUT once one comes into view. * 3-5 km accuracy * Generates A and B solutions (Doppler). A and B solutions are on either side of the LOB * Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) * Payloads attached to GNSS (GPS Satellites) (20,000 km) * Large field of view and ability to calculate position via measuring Time of Arrival (TOA) and Frequency of Arrival (FOA) from other MEOs  Difference of Arrival (DOA) position. * Minimum of 3 needed for a position. * Updates provided every 15 minutes (at a minimum). Greater than or equal to 4 MEOs in sight at any given time. * Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) * Geographically fixed orbit. Meaning its view of the Earth does not change. Much larger view (36,000 km) * Weather satellites with 406 Mhz receivers attached. * They only listen and can’t give a position UNLESS the beacon has GPS. * Limited between 70N and 70S due to curvature of Earth. * Complements LEOs by providing continuous detection ability because the signal is always in view. Relays almost immediately. * GEO can relay HEXID and GPS position if the beacon is equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). * Types of Solutions: * A/B: LEO satellites * A is DISTRESS * B > or = 50% is DISTRESS * E: GPS position from a beacon * E is DISTRESS * D: MEO derived position (multiple MEO hits, 3+) and/or received a GPS position. * Suspect/Uncorroborated Alerts: * Alert Phase * A MEOSAR alert is identified as suspect when the alert is based on a single satellite detection and no previous alert has been generated for the alert site. Initially all suspect alerts shall be treated as in the Alert Phase. For foreign coded distress beacons, the RCC shall contact the foreign RCC to determine if distress beacon registration information is available. If the validity of suspect alerts can be substantiated by corroborating information, it shall be elevated to the Distress Phase. * The MEO ground segment has the potential to generate anomalies and forward “suspect” alert messages to RCCs. A MEOSAR alert is identified as suspect when the alert is based on a single satellite detection and no previous alert has been generated for the alert site.  Can bump up to Distress if investigation leads to corroborating info.  Unreliable Distress Beacon o HEXID might be corrupt o Doesn’t mean there is no distress – TREAT AS DISTRESS  US Coded – distributed as an unlocated first alert  Foreign Coded – if in US SRR, distributed to US RCC and further coordination necessary with foreign SRR to ID vessel

Answer 51

o Local User Terminals (LUT): Earth stations that receive and process satellite data. o Mission Control Center (MCC): Serves as the central data information hub for 406 distress beacon signals sent by satellites in the Cospas-Sarsat system. The main function of an MCC is to collect, store, monitor and sort 406 distress alert data from LUTs and other MCCs, and then distribute this alert data to RCCs (Rescue Coordination Centers), SPOCs (Search and Rescue Points of Contact), and other MCCs. All Cospas-Sarsat MCCs are inter-connected through a Data Distribution System. USMCC is in Suitland, MD. o Rescue Coordination Center (RCC): Operated by the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Air Force (AFRCC). Responsible for coordinating a rescue response to the distress. They also use the information provided through the beacon registration database – if the 406 beacon is registered – which includes owner contact information, emergency contact information and a deSCCiption of the aircraft or vessel the beacon is registered to.

Answer 52

o AMVER is a worldwide voluntary ship reporting system for SAR sponsored by the U.S. Coast Guard. AMVER’s primary function is to quickly provide SAR authorities with accurate position information and characteristics of ships near a reported maritime or aviation distress that may be able to provide assistance. Vessels of all nations, on coastal or oceanic voyages, anywhere in the world, are encouraged to participate by reporting their position to AMVER. o AMVER participating vessels are typically merchant vessels, but can also include mega-yachts, commercial fishing vessels, or any other vessel capable of providing assistance. o Vessels participate by sending movement reports (e.g., sailing plan, periodic position updates, and final report) to the AMVER Center at OSC via assigned coast or international radio stations or satellite service providers. Information from these reports is entered into a database that computes dead reckoning positions for vessels anywhere in the world while they are participating in the system. Vessel characteristics valuable for determining SAR capability from other available sources of information will be accessed through AMVER.

Answer 53

o Discuss the process to transfer LE suspects to SAR Survivors. * Though SAR takes precedent over LE, if survivors are suspected of being involved in criminal activity, local LE should be notified of where and when the patient will be arriving and what the suspected illegal activity is. Crew safety should also be considered. * If no injuries that prevent it, make sure PFDs, handcuffs, are put on to ensure crew safety at Coxswain/CO diSCCetion. * SMC to notify immigration and enforcement officials immediately to coordinate foreign personnel if bringing back to US. o How should the transfer occur? LEDO/OU + dredo/SMC conference call * Tactical Action Team (TAT) – DOS/DOD * JIATF-S * SRR relationships o Why does the SAR system assume the responsibility for former LE suspects? * If DOJ declines prosecution, leaving them out there without means to get home would create a risky situation. Especially if vessel was sunk as a HAZNAV after case was completed. * Must clear with receiving country via CGLO/TAT and confirm not LE nexus. * In the case where a country won’t receive SAR survivors, need to coordinate with other assets to ascertain port calls, alternate facilities, etc. * Operational risk? o How can the LEDO or dre staff facilitate (Logistics, to NPOC) o SAR-18 SAR Survivor Repatriation QRC o Role of CGLO or Attaché

Answer 54

o LE/SAR-29 HAZNAV Determination Job Aid o Who has the authority to sink a vessel as a hazard to navigation * DRE/Duty legal/DR o The preferred action is to recover and deliver lifesaving vessels ashore. This may be accomplished by the on-scene rescue units, a Good Samaritan vessel, the owner, or if arranged by the owner, via commercial salvage. o If conditions and circumstances do not permit a safe recovery by on scene rescue units, rescue personnel should make every effort to mark the lifesaving vessel. The marking shall clearly indicate that the Coast Guard has investigated the lifesaving vessel. o Markings should be made to be visible and recognizable from the air and sea at 300 feet. A broadcast notice to mariners should be made appropriate to location, type of hazard and future disposition. o Destroying lifesaving vessels should only be carried out when there is no other reasonable option. Generally, destruction should only be done if the lifesaving vessel cannot be recovered or marked due to on scene circumstances, and its condition or it poses a particular hazard if left afloat.

Answer 55

* PIW * Vessel TOW * Vessel on fire * MEDEVAC cases involving serious injuries (cardiac, puncture wounds, loss of limb, etc.) * Must brief through D8. D8 will conference in AIRSTA AIROPS/aircraft commander. * If asset is airborne, can divert and back brief D8. * DO NOT LAUNCH HELO WHEN: * Less than 1 nm visibility * Less than 500’ ceiling

Answer 56

* All MAYDAYs heard are to be treated as DISTRESS until otherwise determined. * Uncorrelated MAYDAY: * When no location is given or any other information that would otherwise allow SAR assets to immediately respond. * MINIMUM RESPONSE  UMIB every 15 minutes for an hour * When there is sufficient information to establish a reasonable search area (one hour by air, two by surface, 50% POS), appropriate resources shall be launched. * If an LOB was provided, minimum search can be conducted as a trackline return search along the LOB, basing the drift on that area. * Probable hoaxes shall be assumed to be MAYDAY/DISTRESS incidents * SOS/automated distress broadcasts are treated as UNCORs.

Answer 57

* Confirmed to have departed and has not arrived at planned location. (Confirmed departure, confirmed non-arrival. * Cases will be passed to the cognizant Sector * If case involves inter-district movement, then SMC will be retained by the departing District if departure is not confirmed. * If departure confirmed, then the destination district will assume SMC * Significant use of PRECOMS/EXCOMS * Communications check (call out) * Harbor checks * Track search * Ask for assistance with Stations to call in their local areas

Answer 58

* Confirmed departure, planned to check in at a certain time but has not done so.

Answer 59

* Non-distress unless 10 factor evaluates otherwise * Provide navigational information only when confident it will be helpful, and requester can use it properly. * Use Coast Pilot, Light List, and local charts * Can pass bearings between charted objects, ID NAVAIDS, and positions of NAVAIDs * DO NOT PASS COURSES TO STEER!!!!!!!!!!! * Evaluate operator’s experience * Vessels lost in fog should be advised to anchor or stop until visibility improves

Answer 60

* Vessels that are disoriented or apprehensive about sea or bar/surf conditions shall be treated as potential SAR cases. Escort is a preventative measure for SAR. * CO/OINC must approve * Vessel master is responsible for the safe navigation of his/her vessel * Coxswain provides advisory instructions to vessel and follows astern, keeping visual.

Answer 61

* Passed through Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) system * D8 has access. SCC will not know about it until D8 tells us. Usually will send A/B solutions via fax and can also send position via SAROPS * How does it work? * Low Earth Orbit (LEO) detects 406 MHz signal, uses Doppler to calculate position. 2 solutions, one on each side of satellite orbit. * Satellites dump to Coastal Earth Station (CES) * CES sends to Local User Terminal (LUT) at OSC * LUT sends to AFRCC or D8 * Action taken depends on how many hits and the frequency of the signal * 2 hits = NAR * Continuous hits create composite signals until signal is secured * Upon First Alert, SRU’s will be launched due to this frequency automatically signaling distress * First alert will have two locations, the better of which will be the “A” solution (DISTRESS) * Once D8 has passed position, launch assets * Issue UMIB * Follow up with POC on EPIRB registration * “B” solution > 20% probability = ALERT * Launch assets * Issue UMIB * Follow up with POC on EPIRB registration * “B” solution < 20% probability = UNCERTAINTY * COMPOSITE = one single position to be the location of the beacon = DISTRESS * Need to match serial number to alert to serial number for registered EPIRB (compare Alert to NOAA’s EPIRB registration_ * Unlocated Alert  Signal with no position * Issue UMIB within 15 minutes * Call registered owner * If no answer, have Sector in vessels homeport issue UMIB * Assets home in on 121.5/243 MHz homing beacon * 121.5 MHz → maritime distress * 234 MHz → military aircraft

Answer 62

* Efforts to locate subject, gather additional information, localize search area, and determine if craft is overdue or unreported. * PRECOM/EXCOM * Keep list of all marine facilities/towing/salvage/PD

Answer 63

* MEDIVAC: transfer of sick or injured personnel from isolated areas to a medical facility for higher care * DO NOT DELAY IN DISPATCHING RESOURCE * Flight surgeon does NOT have final say in MEDEVAC, SMC/Coxswain/AC does! * Communicable diseases – notify US Quarantine Station (CDC) * AIREVAC: Medical transfer of sick or injured personnel from one medical facility to another * MEDICO: Passing of medical information by radio. Consultation to determine if further medical care is needed and the time required.

Answer 64

* Decompression Sickness * Requires hyperbaric chamber * Sometimes called the “bends”, is generally brought about by the diver absorbing gas into the blood from the compressed air breathed while diving. A diver must ascend slowly to avoid having these gases form into bubbles. Symptoms of bubble formation include pain at the joints, chest pain, headache/dizziness, confusion, and numbness. * Gas Embolism * Requires hyperbaric chamber * Caused by excess gas pressure inside the lungs. It is most likely to develop during an improperly executed ascent. As the diver ascends, the air in the lungs expands, forcing gas bubbles directly into the bloodstream. This air (bubble) typically is transported to the brain where blockage of blood flow will occur depriving the brain of oxygen. Symptoms include blurred vision, paralysis, dizziness/nausea, weakness, confusion, headache, chest pain and unconsciousness * Nitrogen Narcosis * Does not require hyperbaric chamber * “Rapture of the deep”, which is not a decompression illness, is caused by the narcotic effect of the nitrogen in the diver's breathing medium and disappears when the diver moves into shallower water or surfaces. * Contact Divers Accident Network System (Duke University) for recommendations and locations of chambers * Helo evacuations need to be less than 300 feet due to pressurization

Answer 65

* Treated as potential distress * Initially treat as PIW case unless otherwise determined. * Three categories: * Unmanned/Adrift w/ signs of recent occupancy * Unmanned/Adrift w/o signs of recent occupancy * Unmanned/Adrift with obvious signs of being derelict * Attempt to locate owner by registration numbers * Turn over to local authorities for disposition * If vessel grounds or beaches, contact ACOE for removal. * If derelict, add to D8 derelict log and reference State derelict vessels * Sector commander has ACTSUS if vessel is NOT considered derelict, no signs of recent occupancy, cannot confirm owner, and no correlating SAR/Distress. (Distress Alert – Situation UNK) * ACTSUS: if owner/operator not confirmed * CLOSED: Owner ID’d and SMC made contact.

Answer 66

o For all Confirmed PIW cases unless the search area doesn’t allow it (too shallow, too confined, etc.

Answer 67

o Unresolved MAYDAY calls within the area o Vessels reported Overdue in the area o ELT/EPIRB/PLB transmission in the area o Flares o Source of flare is seen

Answer 68

* Loss of life/property * Saving of life/property * SAROPS drift * High media/political interest * SMC shift to higher level

Answer 69

* Search object located * Located * Assistance is complete * No other SAR issues * Confirmed False Alarm/Alert * Subject is confirmed to not be in distress or in need of assistance * Subject misjudged a situation or inadvertently activated alarm resulting in erroneous request. * Confirmed Hoax * Subject reports distress with deliberate attempt to deceive * Must be confirmed as a hoax

Answer 70

* Circumstances: * Unlocated Search Object: when some or all the search objects have not been located and SMC determines additional search efforts are not warranted. * Suspected False Alert: When the source of suspected false alarm remains unknown * Suspected Hoax: When the source of suspected hoax remains unknown * Information Required: * PSDA * Probability objects were in search area * Search quality * Consensus of search planners * POS * SRU risk * O/S conditions * NOK notifications * Media interest

Answer 71

* Reserved to Sector: * MAYDAYs w/ unreasonable search area * DSC alerts w/o info and/or reasonable search area * Flare cases with a first light search * Unmanned/adrift with no signs of recent occupancy * Reserved to Sector w/D8 (drm) Concurrence: * Suspected hoaxes * Suspected false alerts * Unconfirmed reports of PIWs * MAYDAYs w/ searchable areas * VHF DSC alerts w/ position or owner info * Unmanned/adrift with signs of recent occupancy * When first light search isn’t conducted * Deviation of policy with suspending a case * D8: * Cases involving persons known to be missing * Unreported/overdue

Answer 72

o Probability of Success: probability of finding the search object based on both the POCs for the areas searched and the PODs from searching those areas. o Probability of Detection: The probability that the search object will be detected; assuming it will be in an area during the time the area is searched o Probability of Containment: The probability that the search object will be in some bounded area when search facilities can be on scene searching. o POS = POD x POC

Answer 73

o Place ready helo on the line (SAR Alarm) o UMIB o Brief SMC o Brief AIROPS/Station o Launch assets o Direct SRUs to search LKP or area based on info received o Contact local authorities for assistance as needed o SAROPS drift/planner o PSDA o Monitor

Answer 74

o Operational parameters o Fatigue levels (constant monitoring) o Weather o PPE use o Risk assessments prior to and during o Asset selection o Mitigation of risks

Answer 75

o Case Closed: * Search object located * confirmed false alarm * confirmed hoax o ACTSUS * Search object not located * suspected false alarm * suspected hoax

Answer 76

o Used to alert the maritime public to a distress or potential distress situation. Issued by local units o UMIBs shall be used upon receipt of: * UNCOR MAYDAYs, Ch. 16 * UNCOR DSC calls * Flare sightings * Overdue vessel reports * Other situations as deemed necessary by the SMC o When do they occur? * Upon receipt and every 15 minutes thereafter for the first hour (minimum of 5) * After, can continue less frequent basis as needed and can be cancelled when DISTRESS no longer exists o When NOT to use UMIB: * Make situation worse * Assets already o/s * Modify UMIB to make reports only

Answer 77

o A request for USCG assistance pertaining to safety of life and property o When you launch a CG asset or an OGA in lieu of a CG asset o When you receive notification of distress o Open a case within 1 hour of notification, 12 hours to validate

Answer 78

o Digital Service Calling – digital transmission of a distress signal. Depending on how its set up with the vessel, can provide location, name, MMSI and nature of distress. Digital notification comes over Ch. 70 and voice distress comes over Ch. 16. * Can be relayed by other DSC radios * Acknowledge within 1-2.75 minutes to allow transmission to reach as many stations as possible and potentially grow more accurate. Once acknowledged, the transmission stops, and info ceases to transmit. * Default SMC: * HF DSC – Area * MF DSC – District * VHF DSC – Sector * Acknowledgement does not imply assumption of SMC. It implies that USCG will respond * Watchstander that acknowledges is responsible for executing case or passing to responsible controller * Monitor corresponding frequency for at least 10 minutes following DSC Alert * Minimum time for UNCOR is UMIB for 1 hour.

Answer 79

o After minimum # have been issued (1 initial, and one every 15 min for an hour) o Case closed/ACTSUS o No longer Distress

Answer 80

o AIRSTA Corpus Christi (HC-144) o ATC Mobile (HC-144) o Request via D8

Answer 81

o Combines several events: * SAR * Environmental Protection * Search and Recovery o ICS will be the organizational response method, but SAR operations will follow IAMSAR protocols. * D8 will designate CG Incident Commander (CGIC) and will have a USCG IMAT to assist. * D8 may assume SMC. SMC will plug into Operations Section of ICS structure * Upon notification of MRO, SCC will notify D8 via SARTEL * JRCC Seattle will assume SMC and designate SCC as SAR Group Supervisor * Designate triage site * Issue UMIB * Notify EMS * Notify EOC * Contact larger vessels in area to assist with transport of injured * FAA for restricted airspace

Answer 82

 Contour Search o Mountainous terrain o Search by elevation rings  Barrier Search o Used when strong currents exist o Containment of datum is paramount  Shoreline Search

Answer 83

o Not to interfere with COMSAL o Issue MARB – run 10 minutes before pushing USCG resources o Reasonably available means that resources should be able to respond before the situation deteriorates. Use 10 factor to determine if response time aligns with the situation. If it’s too long, SMC can send assets, use commsked, etc. Should not be more than an hour. o Simultaneous arrival – defer to COMSAL and remain on scene until hook up or assistance is complete.

Answer 84

A place that can accept and accommodate the vessel (means of communication, risk vessel poses to surrounding environment, access to resources for repair, will location improve situation or make it worse?

Answer 85

location where actions can be taken for a ship in need of assistance to stabilize its condition, reduce hazards to navigation, and protect human life and the environment. COTP needs to be involved. Coordinate with Maritime Assistance Service (MAS) – ship master/company to National Authorities contact to help with POR determination. Assistance to ships and other craft in distress is not considered to be a SAR effort unless it also entails assisting persons in distress (see the definition of “rescue”).

Answer 86

o MSAP includes CG policies and procedures for towing and salvage of disabled vessels to minimize the possibility of CG competition or interference with commercial enterprise. o USCG will NOT be dispatched in non-emergency SAR where adequate commercial assistance is available and can respond in a timely manner. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS NON-EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (10 Factor dependent) Collision Capsizing/Sinking Underway flooding Groundings Vessel in Surf Rough Bar Escorts Disabled or requesting assistance in an RNA PIW Fire MEDEVAC/MEDICO Red or orange flares Overdue Vessel Foul WX forecasts Disabled Vessel Adrift Vessel (unless potentially associated with PIW) Disoriented Vessel Grounding (no hull damage, no significant wave action, no potential injuries) o Must evaluate circumstances using 10 factor to gauge emergency phase. If there is any question as to the degree of danger to persons or property, the case should be classified as DISTRESS. o USCG should only interfere with commercial enterprise if mariner declines it, or the situation does not appear to be safe or adequate. o Non-Emergency SAR procedures: * Advise mariner of no imminent danger and offer to arrange COMSAL or contact a friend. Issue MARB. * If someone capable of assisting arrives within ONE HOUR, no further USCG action is required other than perhaps a comms sked. * If MARB is not answered or assistance otherwise rendered within 10 minutes: * Dispatch USCG Aux * Dispatch USCG * COMSAL * Issue another MARB * If AUX happens upon a vessel needing assistance prior to contacting USCG or COMSAL, they may assist. * Vessel will be taken to NEAREST SAFE HAVEN * If USCG and COMSAL arrive at same time, defer to COMSAL. * Case is closed for USCG when COMSAL arrives on scene OR when USCG delivers vessel to safe haven.

Answer 87

o COMSAL o TACON (Station)

Answer 88

o If the vessel has not requested USCG assistance, and vessel has not requested COMSAL, the AUX can assist. o What are CG Aux Aviation limitations? * SAR in daylight only under VMC conditions * Single engine will not exceed 25 nm O/S. Multi-engine 50 nm

Answer 89

o Provide COMSAL information o Offer MARB o If there is any question as to the degree of danger to persons or property, the case should be classified as DISTRESS. o USCG should only interfere with commercial enterprise if mariner declines it, or the situation does not appear to be safe or adequate. o USCG can take in tow if COMSAL can’t assist or mariner refuses or if situation deteriorates.

Answer 90

o USCG may engage in salvage, but only if doing so does not worsen the situation or unduly hazard personnel or assets. o Conducted at the discretion of the SRU Coxswain/CO/OINC: * When no COMSAL is available within a reasonable time or distance, unit may refloat a grounded vessel which is not in peril of further damage or loss if: * The USCG is capable of rendering assistance (type of boat, skill, knowledge) * Owner requests assistance and agrees to specific effort * USCG is not unduly hazarded * Refloating the boat will not place the vessel or persons in more danger * If vessel can’t be refloated, issue Broadcast Notice to Mariners and remove pollution hazards.

Answer 91

o All CG Units shall have SRUs ready to go in 30 minutes or less. o No greater than 2 hours response (u/w or airborne to on scene)

Answer 92

o Prevent loss of life in every situation where our actions and performance could possibly be brought to bear. * Minimize loss of life, injury, and property loss in the maritime environment. * Minimize crew risk during SAR missions * Optimize use of resources * Maintain a world leadership position in maritime SAR

Answer 93

If the SAROPS-estimated POS for the best practical search plan for 2 hours of on scene endurance for a boat or one hour for an aircraft (roughly one HH65 sortie equivalent) is at least 50% for an uncorrelated distress alert, the search is “reasonable.” Any distress call that results in an R21 LOB provides what’s needed for a reasonable search. The lack of a reasonable search does not preclude bias to action. If there is DISTRESS, launch based on the info you have.

Answer 94

vector sum of currents affecting the search object. Can use DMBs to get this.

Answer 95

Movement through the water caused by winds on the surface area of the search object and how the areas below the water counter that with drag/currents. The more sail area, the greater the effect winds have on the object. Completely submerged objects are assumed to have no leeway.

Answer 96

The distance between two adjacent parallel search legs.

Answer 97

Basically, what an SRU can effectively see on either side of it. However, technically it’s the width of a swath centered on the SRU’s track where the probability of detecting the search object outside the swath is equal to the probability of missing the search object inside the swath. It includes several factors such as the type of search object (i.e., PIW vs big boat), sensor capabilities, height of eye, time of day, weather, etc.

Answer 98

A measure of search thoroughness or how well an area was searched. The ideal Coverage Factor is 1.0. More is good but could be seen as an ineffective use of resources. C = W/S

Answer 99

POS is a statistically generated measure of search effectiveness and is the probability that a given search will succeed in locating the search object. POS depends on two factors: (1) the probability that the object is in the area searched (POC) and (2) the probability of detecting that object (POD) if it were there.

Answer 100

Each particle (simulated search object) in SAROPS carries a value called “Pfail.” This is the probability that all searching to date would have failed to detect that particle. Pfail values are initially 1.0 prior to any searching, which indicates that no detection is possible and non-detection is certain when no searching has been done. Each particle’s Pfail is adjusted based on the SRU’s CPA from every track in the pattern. SAROPS computes POS by finding the sum of all Pfail values, dividing that sum by the total number of particles, and then subtracting the result from 1.0.

Answer 101

o False Alert: A case where the subject reported to be in distress is confirmed not to be in distress and not to need assistance. In a false alert case, the reporting source either misjudged a situation or inadvertently activated a distress signal or beacon resulting in an erroneous request for help but did not deliberately act to deceive.

Answer 102

o Hoax: A case where information is conveyed with the intent to deceive. o Case Closed: When the search object(s) is located, assistance to the object is completed, and no other SAR issues arise, the search and rescue case is considered closed. No further SAR related action by the Coast Guard is necessary or contemplated.

Answer 103

When a SAR case cannot be closed and further search efforts appear futile, the search may be discontinued. The SAR case will remain open until the object of the search is located. If new information is received indicating the object of the search may not have been in the areas searched, or pertinent details of the search object were other than those previously reported, the search may be resumed. The following are required for ACTSUS: * PSDA * POD/POC/POS * Search quality * Consensus of search planners * SRU risk * O/S Conditions * NOK notifications * Media Interest

Answer 104

o Uncertainty: An UNCERTAINTY phase exists when there is knowledge of a situation that may need to be monitored, or to have more information gathered, but that does not require moving resources. o Alert: An ALERT phase exists when a craft or person is experiencing some difficulty and may need assistance but is not in immediate danger or in need of immediate response. Apprehension is usually associated with the ALERT phase. o Distress: The DISTRESS phase exists when grave or imminent danger requiring immediate response to the distress scene threatens a craft or person.

Answer 105

o Red/Orange = Distress o Meteor: rapid rise/fall, 250-400ft, 15-17 nm, 5.5 seconds o Parachute: rapid rise/slow fall, 1000-2000 ft, 14-20 nm, 30-40 seconds o Handheld: steady burn, 8-16 nm, 50-120 seconds

Answer 106

o Distress broadcast without position or identification information sufficient to generate a reasonable search area. o Ways to execute search: * UMIB 1 hour, one/15 minutes * PRECOMS/EXCOMS * MAYDAY relay (UMIB) * LOB Analysis * SRU launch along LOB * Assume 1 WT radio, 30’ antenna, SA1

Answer 107

2-hour boat, 1 hour aircraft w/ > 50% POS * Evaluation within SAROPS provides an additional tool for making these decisions. If the SAROPS-estimated POS for the best practical search plan for 2 hours of on scene endurance for a boat or one hour for an aircraft (roughly one HH65 sortie equivalent) is at least 50% for an uncorrelated distress alert, the search is “reasonable.” This does not mean that a “best search” POS of 49% is automatically “unreasonable.” Likewise, this guidance does not preclude the possibility of increasing the on-scene endurance beyond the guideline values listed above and planning the search accordingly, especially if such increase is within the SRU’s capabilities for total endurance on the search sortie. SMCs are reminded that these guidelines do not relieve them from making a reasonable decision, based on all the information available, for each individual case. * As with flares, uncorrelated distress broadcasts and alerts that result in the first search effort occurring at night or during reduced visibility, will likely achieve only poor search effectiveness; producing a low POS. A first light search shall be conducted unless the SMC has sufficient information to either close or suspend the case.

Answer 108

o Nature of situation o Position or lack thereof o Type, size, reported condition of vessel, food, water, emergency signaling, survival/lifesaving equipment on board o Visibility o Tide and currents and ability to anchor o Present and forecasted weather o Number of people on board, age, health, special needs, medical issues o Communications o Mariners’ degree of concern o Potential for situation to deteriorate

Answer 109

o DO NOT GIVE COURSES TO STEER o Can pass: * ATON characteristics * Bearings between charted objects * Charted range bearings * Charted traffic separation scheme bearings * Charted depth of water * Charted hazards * Radio beacon frequencies * Charted buoy positions * Lat/long of charted objects o If information is provided, the following language is recommended: “Captain, based on your request, the following information from (chart #, light list #, NTM, etc.) is provided to assist you with your responsibility to safely navigate your vessel.” Pass relevant information from the list above.

Answer 110

o Paragraph I.1.1 of SAR Addendum lists types of information that maybe sufficient to indicate that no distress exists in red or orange flare report cases, and therefore would not require a first light search to be performed. In addition to the examples already listed in this paragraph, the effectiveness of completed search efforts may also be considered. * Positive indications the sighted object was not a flare * Notifications that an exercise involving flares or objects that could be mistaken for flares is underway in the same area * Effectiveness of completed search efforts, etc. * Correlated celestial events, planned national celebrations, planned rocket launches (Vandenberg, PLEAD Control, submarine), Military operations (DCAST, AMOSS, FACSFAC). o Pilot debrief to determine the effectiveness of completed search efforts: Were NVGs used? Was there enough illumination to see the search area? Their assessment the area was searched and ability to search objects. Flare trajectory was very high, multiple fists high indicating the object didn’t originate from the water. o Indicators that you should conduct a first light: Unresolved uncorrelated distress calls (voice and DSC) 406Mhz beacons – correlate with District as there may be some beacons you do not know about, Proximity to known hazard to navigation, Poor weather, Overdue vessel, Incomplete or poor interview by the R/P, Unresolved questions, or concerns. o BIAS TOWARDS ACTION: If there is any ambiguity to the effectiveness of the nighttime search, conduct a first light to ensure nobody is out there, then evaluate for suspension.

Answer 111

o The Coast Guard is authorized to rescue and aid persons and protect and save property at any time and any place where its facilities and personnel are available and can be effectively used. This may include forcing or compelling mariners to abandon their vessels when a life-threatening emergency exists, and there is an immediate need for assistance or aid. o The decision to force or compel mariners to abandon their vessels should normally be made by the cognizant SAR Coordinator (SC). If time does not permit consultation with the SMC and cognizant SC, and if in the On Scene Coordinator’s (OSC) objective judgment a life-threatening emergency exists affecting the subject vessel, and there is an immediate need for assistance or aid, the OSC may authorize this action. In this case, the SMC and SC shall be notified immediately. o All forced evacuations and circumstances leading to such an order shall be fully documented in unit logs by all involved units and reported in Situation Reports to Commandant (CG-SAR-1) and Commandant (CG-0941) via the chain of command.

Answer 112

o UMIBs should be issued whenever the SMC determines that important maritime information needs to reach the widest possible audience. UMIBs shall be used upon the receipt of: * all uncorrelated MAYDAY channel 16 calls. * uncorrelated VHF-FM DSC distress calls. * flare sightings * overdue vessel reports; and * other situations as deemed necessary by the SMC. o A UMIB is issued upon receipt, and every fifteen minutes thereafter for the first hour. After that time, UMIBs are issued along with scheduled broadcasts until cancelled, or as directed by the originator on a case-by-case basis.

Answer 113

o For cases determined NOT to be in the DISTRESS emergency phase. o When specific alternate assistance is not requested or available, mariners will be informed that a broadcast can be made to determine if someone in the area can come to their assistance. o A MARB will be made to solicit the voluntary response of anyone who can assist the mariner, and the MARB will include a general location of the vessel. The MARB must be worded carefully in order not to create an obligation by the vessel operator to accept or pay for the services of all responders. o If MARBs are declined in a non-distress situation, the Coast Guard has no further obligation to monitor or respond unless boaters change their mind, or the situation deteriorates. The burden lies solely with boaters.

Answer 114

o Created in 1935, revised in 1989. Bilateral agreement that refines US-MX Assistance Entry (AE) o Allows US to enter MX TTW to respond to immediate distress * When we send a SRU into Mexico's SRR including their TTW, conduct the initial actions (launch, UMIB, etc.), then call RN2 (MRCC Ensenada) and follow up with the SAR Forms Exchange. * If entering TTW, inform MRCC Ensenada we are entering under the SAR Treaty or Assistance Entry (AE). * If entering their SRR, inform MRCC Ensenada we are responding as the First RCC and intend to retain SMC or request MRCC Ensenada assume SMC. o Allows MX to enter US TTW to respond to immediate distress (though usually not enacted) o The conduct of AE rescue operations in a coastal State’s territorial sea does not require seeking or receiving permission of the coastal State. Three elements must be met to enact: * Known distress * Known position * Vessel in distress is flagged out of the responding nation o Airborne/underway units who visually sight distress can always respond into TTW IAW AE o 1st unit on scene aids o After coastal nation arrives on scene, case should be turned over to coastal nation (responsible SRR) o If US asset already has survivors onboard D8 will continue to prosecute case, otherwise case should be turned over to MX. o If D8 becomes aware of a SAR case developing in Mexico’s SRR, D8 should notify Mexico so they can assume SMC, and offer assistance if available. o Mexican Navy is responsible for SAR. “SEMAR” = “Secretaria Marina.” * Mexico’s Naval Maritime Secretary SEMAR Headquarters is D8’s primary/direct contact for all US-MX SAR cases, Similar to USCG NCC. D8 should always contact SEMAR (even if an ENSAR or RN is SMC) – SEMAR is the appropriate level for international communications. * SEMAR watchstanders will relay information to their Naval Regions and SAR Stations but are not necessarily SAR experts. SEMAR is further broken down into regions 7 Naval Regions (RNs), each with several SAR Stations (ENSARs)

Answer 115

o Focuses largely on gaining compliance with regulatory standards and the design and maintenance of waterway systems to increase safety thereby preventing incidents. * OCMI: Has the technical and process expertise to carry out PSC examinations and measures, including the necessary Flag State notifications and official documentation of detention and/or intervention actions. OCMI authority is also being exercised if the source of that authority is grounded in the vessel inspection and certification laws and regulations of title 46. He administers the Coast Guard’s marine safety “field” activities within a marine inspection zone delineated by regulations in 33CFR 3. The OCMI’s duties are to administer, enforce, and give direction to the programs that implement the marine safety statutes, relative to: * Inspection of vessels * Inspection of shipyards and facilities * Investigation of marine casualties and accidents * Licensing and certification of seaman * Inspection of mobile offshore drilling units * Detection of, and investigations into reports of, violations of statutes or regulations, misconduct, incompetence, or misbehavior of merchant mariners * Enforcement of the navigation and inspection laws, relating to seamen in general * Detection of unsafe conditions and practices * Application and enforcement of all treaties, agreements, MOUs, etc involving marine safety matters. * Inspections: Inspections/examinations of vessels and waterfront facilities to ensure compliance with Federal safety, security, and environmental regulations. * Investigations: Investigations of marine casualties to determine the cause of accidents, to pursue Maritime Personnel Actions/Civil Penalties, and to serve as a feedback loop into compliance inspections and regulatory development. * Commercial Fishing Vessels * Waterways management: marine permits, develop and maintain waterway navigation infrastructure (ATON). * Facilities:

Answer 116

o International: * SOLAS * International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code * International Convention on Load Lines (ICLL) * MARPOL * Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) * International Labor Organization (ILO) * International Safety Management (ISM) Code o Domestic: * 46 USC 701 (Port Security) * Ports and Waterways Safety Act (PWSA) – Safety, Security, NOA * Magnuson Act (safety/security from subversive acts) * 33 CFR 165 - Regulated Navigation Areas * 33 CFR 165 – Navel Vessel Protection Zone (NVPZ)

Answer 117

* CID/ACID may approve inbound LOD * CO MSU may disapprove inbound LOD o Outbound: OCMI/COTP * COTP must authorize departure LOD due to SOLAS requirements. Authority is written specifically in CFR. * COTP may conduct authorization SEPCOR…if CAPT Ropp says he verbally authorized it, then it can be done. MUST COME FROM ANOTHER O-6! NOT CID/ACID!

Answer 118

 What vessels are required to submit Notice of Arrivals? o All foreign commercial vessels o All recreational foreign vessels over 300 GT o All commercial US vessels over 300 GT o CDC barges moving between US ports Type Time Frame Foreign port  US Port 96 hours prior to arrival US Port  US Port 24 hours prior to arrival Canadian Port  US Port 12-24 hours prior to arrival US COTP Zone  Same US COTP Zone N/A Towing vessels w/ CDC moving between US Ports 12 hours prior to arrival Voyage Time Submit ANOA >96 hours At least 96 hours prior <96 hours Before 96, but at least 24 hours prior Voyage Time Remaining Updates to ANOA >96 hours ASAP, but at least 24 hours prior 24-96 hours ASAP, but at least 24 hours prior <24 hours ASAP, but at least 12 hours prior o If vessel arrival changes by more than 6 hours, then they need to resubmit the ANOA to reflect the change o Required to report flag state, crew nationality, cargo, LPOC/NPOC, ETA, Agent o Submitted to the National Vessel Movement Center (NVMC)

Answer 119

o Also known as Annex IV crewmember o A crew member from a high-risk flag state

Answer 120

o To eliminate substandard vessels from US Waters

Answer 121

o Similar system to screening for security with same type of scoring but done primarily for safety/environmental purposes. o They are looking for ship management, flag state, recognized organizations, vessel history, and ship particulars o If vessel has had a boarding w/I the last 6 months and no factors have changed, 10 points can be subtracted. o Can trigger a PSC Safety and Environmental Protection Compliance Exam based on priorities below: * PI (priority I) * 17 or more points on matrix * Ships involved in a marine casualty * Determined by COTP as a hazard to the port * TRIGGERS TARGET AS HIV * PII (Priority II) * 7-16 points on matrix * Outstanding requirements * No exam in past 12 months * NPV (non-priority vessel) * 6 or fewer points * Low safety/environmental risk

Answer 122

o Denial of Entry/Expulsion * Vessel poses unacceptable level of risk/immediate threat to port/personnel/environment * Done via COTP order o IMO Reportable Detentions * Clear grounds vessel is substandard, posing risks to port/personnel/environment o COTP Order o Customs Hold o Restriction of Operations/Vessel Movement * Due to structural/navigational issue * Weather * Traffic o Delay * Weather * Incident on waterway/closure of waterway * Bar Pilot restriction/suspension of operations o Comprehensive Security Inspection * ISPS screening * Deficient security plan o LOD o Flag State Notification o Lesser Administrative/Corrective Measures

Answer 123

o Letter of Deviation: * LOD allows a vessel with a navigational casualty to continue to port. Every LOD has restrictions and mitigation strategies. There are 3 types: * Emergency * Non-operable equipment * Continuing Operations * LOD’s apply to commercial vessels only. If during a voyage any navigational equipment required stops operating properly, the vessel must contact the SCC and request an LOD. The LOD will specify under what parameters the vessel can operate (can proceed to anchorage, must go to “this” location, must affect repairs prior to getting U/W, etc) * LODs provide stipulations that make sure of the safe navigation of the vessel under anticipated conditions and will not result in a violation of rules for preventing collisions at sea. * Only applies to the vessel as it operates within that specific COTP zone. * Equipment includes: * AIS (33 CFR 164.46) * Missing or inop pilot plug (33 CFR 164.46(d)) * Automatic Radar Plotting Aide (33 CFR 164.38(b)(1)) * Gyrocompass (33 CFR 164.35(d)) * Echo Depth sounder/recorder (33 CFR 164.35(h, i)) * Steering malfunction (33 CFR 164.53) * GPS (33 CFR 164.41) * 1 Radar Required – vessels <10000 GT (33 CFR 164.35(a)) * 2 Radars Required – vessels >10000 GT (33 CFR 164.37 * If a verbal LOD is issued, must follow up with a paper one within 4 hours. o COTP order: * Exercises control of a vessel’s movement and operation through the issuance of a COTP Order pursuant to two authorities, the PWSA and the Magnuson Act. That authority may be a necessary adjunct to the OCMI’s exercise of the tradition port state control role. However, if the PSC measure that is sought to be imposed involves an order to the vessel to move or operate in a particular fashion for the safety or security of the vessel, the port, or the navigable waters of the US, because that authority is based on the PWSA or the Magnuson Act, it is exercised by the COTP, not the OCMI. * The legal authority of the COTP is established under 33CFR 6 referred to as the “Super 6”. These are: Enforcement, Preventing access of person, articles or things to vessels or waterfront facilities, Establishment security zones; prohibitions with respect there to, Visitation, search, and removal, Possession and control of vessels, Assistance to other agencies. * COTP Orders are specifically issued under the Ports and Waterways Safety Act (PWSA 33 CFR 160, Subpart B) and they are issued by a COTP directed at a specific vessel, facility, or individual to: restrict or stop vessel operations; require specific actions to be taken; deny a vessel further entry to port until a deficiency is corrected; or detain a vessel in port. * Enforcement, prevent access to articles on vessels or waterfront, establish security/safety zones, visitation, possession and control of a vessel, and assistance to another agency. * COTP order is a detention, which is the imposition of specific port state or flag state operational controls which prevent a vessel’s departure from U.S. waters until such a time as the vessel is deemed safe to proceed on its voyage. COTP Detention Order is a detention imposed when there is reason to believe that a vessel may be unsafe or may pose a threat to the marine environment, under the authority of the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1221) and implementing regulations of 33 CFR 160.113.

Answer 124

* PSC/ENF/CFV requests COTP order # from SU after making determination on matrices or becoming aware of situation. * Division drafts COTP order and sends to SU * SU adds in SANS/VCP, enters all documents in folder w/ cover sheet and COTP cancellation letter. * CDO routes to CAPT for signature (in person, or stamp after hours) * Once signed, enter OP CONTROL in MISLE. Send to Vessel Agent and CC applicable Sector offices. * Once boarding is conducted or deficiencies corrected, text out results. Send out cancellation to agent and applicable divisions. * Cancel OP CONTROL in MISLE.

Answer 125

* A detention is the imposition of specific port state or flag state operational controls which prevent a vessel’s departure from U.S. waters until such a time as the vessel is deemed safe to proceed on its voyage. (Based on SOLAS). If, and to the extent that the OCMI must make a judgment about compliance with SOLAS safety, equipment, construction or manning requirements, and the control measures that are necessary to achieve compliance do not involve an order requiring the ship to move, or not to move, the OCMI may exercise such control without using the authority of the COTP. * Detentions may also be imposed to ensure compliance with marine safety and pollution prevention requirements, collection of assessed civil penalties, and receipt of Letter of Undertaking/ Surety Bond to assure payment of a penalty, should it be assessed. The imposition of a restriction on a vessel's movement constitutes a detention, regardless of whether a delay from a vessel's normal or expected itinerary occurs. Detentions are normally affected through execution of one of the following controls: * Letter of Undertaking/Surety Bonds - Whenever a violation case is pursued, the COTP, OCMI, or FOSC should normally require a Letter of Undertaking (LOU) or Surety Bond from the vessel owner, operator, or person in charge of a foreign vessel as a port state control measure to assure payment of a penalty or fine. * LOU - A promise given by the violator, agent, or insurer that upon demand they will file an * approved surety bond with the CG. * Surety Bonds - A contract by which a company (usually an insurance company) independent of the party who violated the law, agrees to pay up to a certain amount if the penalty is assessed. Means of making CG collection efforts more effective.

Answer 126

* Certificate of Financial Responsibility - vessel and facility owners or operators establish and maintain satisfactory evidence of insurance, surety bonds, guarantees, or self-insurance which guarantee reimbursement to the U.S. Government and certain other damaged parties, up to the limits required by law. COFR's are issued to owners or operators of vessels and offshore facilities which meet the financial responsibility requirements. Any vessel subject to this subpart which is found operating in the navigable waters without having been issued a Certificate or maintained the necessary evidence of financial responsibility as required by this subpart is subject to seizure by, and forfeiture to, the United States. * Letter of Deviation – applies to the items above but allows a vessel to operate if the deviation does not impair the safe navigation of the vessel under anticipated conditions and will not result in a violation of the rules for preventing collisions at sea.

Answer 127

o The inspection of foreign ships in other national ports by PSC officers (inspectors) for the purpose of verifying that the competency of the master and officers on board, the condition of a ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions (e.g. SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, etc.) and that the vessel is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international law. o Types of exams: * PSC Inspections: PSC Safety PI and PII and ISPS Security I, II, and III * PSC Exams: Random, Deficiency follow up, and Certificate of Compliance

Answer 128

o An "inspected vessel" means one that the Coast Guard has inspected and has issued a current Certificate of Inspection. The routine boarding of a vessel by the Coast Guard to assure compliance with certain laws does not make the vessel an "inspected vessel". Common classes of vessel normally "inspected" are passenger vessels carrying more than six passengers, tankers, and cargo vessels. o "Uninspected vessels" are defined in 46 USCA 2101(43) as those vessels not subject to inspection and not issued a Certificate of Inspection by the Coast Guard and which are not recreational vessels. (6-pack/charter vessels/recreational)

Answer 129

o Certificate issued to a vessel that deSCCibes: * The vessel itself * Route it may travel * Minimum manning requirements * Safety equipment/appliances required * Total number of persons that can be carried * Names of owner/operators

Answer 130

o Form that is used to document deficiencies on a vessel that has been issued a COI o Provides documentation to various parties associated with inspection activities. o Code 17 instructs vessel to rectify deficiencies prior to departure.

Answer 131

 What is a permit to proceed? o Issued by OCMI to owner/operator/master stating the conditions under which the vessel may proceed to another port to initiate repairs. o Vessel may NOT carry passengers unless the OCMI determines it’s safe to do so.  What is a 2692? o A written report of a casualty or accident as required by CFRs for vessels, commercial diving operations and Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) activities.  When is CG-2692 required? o Required for incidents occurring in US navigable waters or involving US vessels anywhere to include: * Accidental groundings * Intentional groundings that pose hazard to navigation or environment * Loss of propulsion, steering, maneuvering capabilities * Occurrence adversely affecting vessel seaworthiness (fire, flooding, damage, etc.) * Loss of life * Injury beyond first aid * Property damage in excess of $25,000 * Occurrence involving significant harm to environment o IO makes determination if required * 2692B: Chemical, Drug, and Alcohol Testing Addendum * 2692C: Personal Casualty Addendum o Must be submitted in 5 days to MSU/MI offices

Answer 132

o Vessel of at least 100 GT o Carrying more than 12 passengers including at least one passenger for hire o Chartered and carrying more than 12 passengers o Submersible vessel carrying at least one passenger for hire o Ferry carrying a passenger

Answer 133

 Small Passenger Vessel: o A vessel of less than 100 GT that carries 150 or less passengers or has overnight accommodations for 49 or less passengers  Tank Vessel: o Carries oil, or hazardous materials in bulk as cargo

Answer 134

 What is a class society? o An organization of professional engineers, lawyers, marine inspectors etc, that establishes specific requirements for the vessels that belong to that society. It’s like a means of establishing standards to operate and build vessels by. Would include structural requirements, safety standards, response drills (FF/flooding/etc) and pollution response. If a vessel is part of a class society, it gives the USCG reassurance that the vessel is being held to international standards. o Example, Lloyds of London

Answer 135

o Marine Casualty: any casualty or accident involving any vessel (other than public vessel) that: * Occurs upon the navigable waters of the US * Involves any US vessel * Foreign tank vessel operating in EEZ o Owner/agent/master/operator is requiring reporting a MC to the nearest USCG Sector ASAP after addressing immediate safety concerns. o Written report required within 5 days. o Reportable Marine Casualty for Recreational Vessels: * Loss of life * Injury beyond first aid * $2,000 or more in damage (or complete loss of vessel) * A person disappears under circumstances that indicate death/injury * Local OGAs investigate marine casualties on recreational vessels w/I 3 nm of baseline.

Answer 136

o A public vessel is a vessel owned by the United States and includes a U.S. Coast Guard Vessel. o Don’t assume all Government owned vessels are public vessels. MSC and MIRAD ships (when activated) are examples of exceptions

Answer 137

o MASTER IS RESPONSIBLE!! o Alcohol: * Within 2-8 hours of a serious marine casualty o Drug: * Within 32 hours of a serious marine casualty

Answer 138

o .08 for Recreational o .04 for Commercial

Answer 139

o DMI (if commercial or foreign) o Duty Investigator o Duty IMD o Duty WWM o Port State Control Chief (foreign) o CFVS (if CFV) o D8/bridge manager (if a bridge) * Pollution * SAR * terrorism * security * DOT issues (bridge closures, integrity) o PA o NRC o ATON verification message will need to be sent out. Expect potential BNM from D8.

Answer 140

o Inspections/exams of vessels to ensure compliance with Federal safety, security, and environmental regulations o Investigate marine casualties to determine cause of accidents and pursue penalties o Uninspected Passenger Vessels, Charter vessels, CFVS, tugs/barges

Answer 141

o Oil Spill Response Organization: The US Coast Guard established the Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO) in response to regulatory requirements of OPA 90. OSRO is a voluntary program and was developed to assist oil-handling facilities and vessels prepare spill response plans. o Miller Environmental (Houston) is the main one used here. Full listed of OSROs by COTP Zone can be found here: USCG NSF OSRO Classifications Report Page

Answer 142

o Maritime Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources (maritime CIKR) are maritime infrastructure or resources that are most at risk from terrorism. When assessed using a national perspective, they warrant the protection afforded wholly or in part by the owner/operator, Coast Guard, and other government agencies

Answer 143

o One or more of the following conditions results in an automatic termination: * Insufficient lifesaving equipment * Inoperable EPIRB * Instability * Inoperable bilge pumps * Intoxication of master * Flooding * Missing or expired certification of class * Life raft service > 5 months past due o Post-SAR boardings shall be conducted

Answer 144

o MARPOL contains 6 annexes to prevent different forms of marine pollution from ships: * Annex I – Oil * Annex 2 – noxious liquid substances in bulk * Annex 3 – harmful substances in packaged form * Annex 4 – sewage * Annex 5 – garbage * Annex 6 – air pollution

Answer 145

o Approves marine event permits o Authorizes and approves dead ship tows o Supervisor for ATON units: * MALLET * ANT Port O’Connor * ANT Corpus Christi * ANT SPI

Answer 146

o Pier, wharf, or similar structure to which vessels may be secured. Areas of land or water in immediate proximity, equipment on the structure and buildings around the structure. o A waterfront facility designated under 33 CFR 126.13 for the handling, storing, stowing, loading, discharging, or transporting or hazardous materials.

Answer 147

o Onshore or offshore facility, designated under §126.13 for the handling, storing, loading, and discharging of any hazardous material(s) subject to the Dangerous Cargoes Regulations (49 CFR parts 170 through 179) except for an offshore facility operating under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Department of Interior, and includes, but is not limited to, structure, equipment, and appurtenances thereto, used or capable of being used to transfer oil or hazardous materials to or from a vessel or public vessel. Also included are facilities that tank clean or strip and any floating structure that is used to support an integral part of the facility's operation. A facility includes federal, state, municipal, and private facilities. o Receives vessels that carry more than 150 passengers o Receives vessels applicable to SOLAS o Receives cargo vessels greater than 100 GT (not CFVs)

Answer 148

o Security breach: an incident that has not resulted in a transportation security incident, but security measures have been circumvented, eluded, or violated. (i.e., someone attempts to sneak on a facility with a fake TWIC card) o Suspicious activity: activities that may result in a transportation security incident (i.e., someone is on a boat off a facility taking pictures)

Answer 149

o A safety zone, security zone, or regulated navigation area may be established on the initiative of any Coast Guard official authorized to issue such an order in accordance with 33 CFR 1.05-1. o Any person may request that a safety zone, security zone, or regulated navigation area be established. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, each request must be submitted in writing to either the Captain of the Port or District Commander. o If, for good cause, the request for a safety zone or security zone is made less than 5 working days before the zone is to be established, the request may be made orally, but it must be followed by a written request within 24 hours. o The establishment of these limited access areas and regulated navigation areas is considered rulemaking. The procedures used to notify persons of the establishment of these areas vary depending upon the circumstances and emergency conditions. Notification may be made by marine broadcasts, local notice to mariners, local news media, distribution in leaflet form, and on-scene oral notice, as well as publication in the Federal Register. o Notification normally contains the physical boundaries of the area, the reasons for the rule, its estimated duration, and the method of obtaining authorization to enter the area, if applicable, and special navigational rules, if applicable.

Answer 150

* A Safety Zone is a water area, shore area, or water and shore area to which, for safety or environmental purposes, access is limited to authorized persons, vehicles, or vessels. It may be stationary and described by fixed limits or it may be described as a zone around a vessel in motion. (PROTECT THE PUBLIC FROM SOMETHING) * An example is the Inner Harbor. * 33 CFR 165.5 allows for the Establishment Procedures safety and security zones. * Limited to out to 12 nm * Any person may request a safety zone, security zone, or regulated navigation area be established. The request must be submitted in writing and include the following: * The name of the person submitting the request * The location and boundaries of the zones * The date, time, and duration that the zones should be established * A description of the activities planned for the zone * The nature of restrictions or conditions desired * The reason why the requested zone is necessary. o Security Zones:

Answer 151

* A security zone is an area of land, water, or land and water which is so designated by the Captain of the Port or District Commander for such time as is necessary to prevent damage or injury to any vessel or waterfront facility, to safeguard ports, harbors, territories, or waters of the United States or to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States. * The purpose of a security zone is to safeguard from destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive acts, accidents, or other causes of a similar nature. (PROTECT THE THING FROM THE PUBLIC) * These zones have two sources of authority - 46 U.S.C. Chapter 700, and the Act of June 15, 1917, as amended by both the Magnuson Act of August 9, 1950 (“Magnuson Act”), 46 U.S.C. 70051-54, and sec. 104 the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002. * Security zones established under either 46 U.S.C. 70116 or 46 U.S.C. 70051 may be established including the territorial sea to a seaward limit of 12 nautical miles from the baseline.

Answer 152

* These zones are issued under the authority of 14 U.S.C. 503 and 527 and may be established in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States including the territorial sea to a seaward limit of 12 nautical miles from the baseline. * 500-yard regulated area w/ 100-yard exclusion zone (operate at minimum speed & proceed as directed). No vessel allowed w/i 100 yds unless authorized.

Answer 153

o Transportation Worker Identification Card o It is a security measure to ensure that individuals who pose a threat do not gain unescorted access to secure areas of the nation’s maritime transportation system.

Answer 154

o Mariner licensing - initial or renewal o Testing o Maintaining qualifications

Answer 155

o Obstruction: anything that restricts, endangers, or interferes with navigation. o HAZNAV: usually sunken, that presents a sufficient danger to navigation, to require expeditious, affirmative action such as marking, removal, or redefinition of a designated waterway to provide for navigational safety. o Army Corps of Engineers can assist with HAZNAV removal (MOU w/ USCG)

Answer 156

o The echelon: * SMIB: Safety broadcasts contain important navigational and meteorological warnings, sunspot activity, or other unusual events that might impact maritime activities. The safety signal shall precede a safety broadcast. Safety broadcasts shall be made only when the information is so important to the safety of navigation that a delay in its dissemination would create a hazard to shipping. Each safety broadcast shall normally consist of only one subject. * BNM: A BNM is the method by which important navigation safety information is disseminated in the most expedient manner. In general, these broadcasts include information vital to the maritime community Scheduled BNMs include search and rescue, navigational, hydrographic, or weather information. * They are sent out upon receipt, daily, and as specified by D8 via C2OIX * D8 will specify what is a BNM and what is not. * SCC will “request” a BNM for any hazard that will last longer than 4 hours * LNM: single document that spells out all SMIBs/BNMs/Events/etc * Put out every 12-14 days on Thursdays by D8

Answer 157

 What is the role of IMD? o To ensure an effective and immediate removal of a discharge, and mitigation or prevention of a substantial threat of a discharge of oil or a hazardous substance.  What are IMD’s response procedures? o Determine if it is in SCC’s FOSC AOR * Further break down location to determine who needs to respond (MSD Victoria/Brownsville/IMD) * If not in our AOR, make MISLE Notification and ensure the right people know about it! * If in AOR, make preliminary investigation o Determine if NRC has been notified o IMD will contact R/S and deploy to incident as needed o Report findings to chain of command and Command Center and complete MISLE o Can request “helo of opportunity” for eyes on a spill and to get photos, determine area safety hazards, etc.

Answer 158

o Texas General Land Office (TGLO)

Answer 159

o Texas Railroad Commission (TRRC) o The Railroad Commission of Texas is the state agency that regulates the oil and gas industry, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the liquefied petroleum gas industry, and surface coal and uranium mining.

Answer 160

o Plan those aids in response to pollution incidents in TX and the EPA inland Zone. o Consists of Geographic Response Plans (GRPs): * For use as a guide in minimizing the impact of oil on natural, cultural, and certain economic resources at risk during spills. * Information contained in the plans include site descriptions, reference maps, recommended response strategies, shoreline information, resource at risk details, and logistical information.

Answer 161

INLAND COASTAL Minor <1,000 gallons <10,000 gallons Medium 1,000 – 10,000 gallons 10,000 – 100,000 gallons Major >10,000 gallons > 100,000 gallons

Answer 162

o 500 gallons or more (42 gal/barrel) = ~12 bbls o Mystery drum o Spill > 100,000 gallons or potential o Fund opened

Answer 163

o Sole federal point of contact for reporting pollution incidents and suspicious activities/security breaches. o The NRC report is the official means by which incident notification is vertically disseminated.

Answer 164

o Area committees are created to allow qualified members of federal, state, and local government agencies to get together and create a plan to ensure preparedness for actual or substantial oil discharge and HAZMAT releases. o Area Contingency Plans provide the basis for the creation of Facility Response Plans and Vessel Response Plans and encourage community response to releases. Each COTP zone requires its own ACP. The COTP will serve as the FOSC (chair) of the Area Committee and will appoint members. The ACP must be able to address response to a WCD and mitigate/prevent a substantial threat or release from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility operating in the area.

Answer 165

o OSLTF: Under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, the owner or operator of a facility from which oil is discharged (responsible party) is liable for the costs associated with the containment, cleanup, and damages resulting from the spill. EPA's priority is to ensure that responsible parties pay to clean up their own oil releases. However, when the responsible party is unknown or refuses to pay, funds from the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund can be used to cover the cost of removal or damages. The primary source of revenue for the fund is a five cents per barrel fee on imported and domestic oil. Collection of this fee ceased on December 31, 1994, due to a "sunset" provision in the law. Other revenue sources for the fund include interest on the fund, cost recovery from the parties responsible for the spills, and any fines or civil penalties collected. The Fund is administered by the U.S. Coast Guard's National Pollution Funds Center. The Fund can provide up to $1 billion for any one oil pollution incident, including up to $500 million for the initiation of natural resource damage assessments and claims in connection with any single incident. o CERCLA: Federal "Superfund" to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment. Through CERCLA, EPA was given power to seek out those parties responsible for any release and assure their cooperation in the cleanup. EPA cleans up orphan sites when potentially responsible parties cannot be identified or located, or when they fail to act. Through various enforcement tools, EPA obtains private party cleanup through orders, consent decrees, and other small party settlements. EPA also recovers costs from financially viable individuals and companies once a response action has been completed. EPA is authorized to implement the Act in all 50 states and U.S. territories. Superfund site identification, monitoring, and response activities in states are coordinated through the state environmental protection or waste management agencies.

Answer 166

o Incidents that fall within the FOSC AOR, the Sector Commander will be the lead for coordinating response. It is the FOSC’s responsibility to also manage and update the Area Contingency Plan with the assistance of the RRT.

Answer 167

o RRTs provide a forum for federal agency field offices and state agencies to exchange information about their abilities to respond to On-Scene Coordinator's (OSC's) requests for assistance. o RRT members do not respond directly to releases or spills, but may be called upon to provide technical advice, equipment, or manpower to assist with a response. Each RRT develops a Regional Contingency Plan to ensure that the roles of federal and state agencies during an actual incident are clear. Following an incident, the RRT reviews the OSC's reports to identify problems with the Region's response to the incident and improves the plan as necessary. The RRTs identify available resources from each federal agency and state within their regions. Such resources include equipment, guidance, training, and technical expertise for dealing with chemical releases or oil spills. When there are too few resources in a region, the RRT can request assistance from federal or state authorities to ensure that sufficient resources will be available during an incident. This coordination by the RRTs assures that resources are used as wisely as possible, and that no region is lacking what it needs to protect human health and the environment.

Answer 168

o Interdict as far from shore as possible. o Minimize UOF for PIWs and unarmed vessels o Turn over UDNs to CBP

Answer 169

Step Tactics SNO required? I – Command Presence Tell vessel to stop with all means Shadow/maneuver Increase assets Uncover/ready/man weapons No II – Warn Warning Shots (LA51/Ballistic Warning Shots) No for LA51 III – Disrupt Block wind Lines/nets/entanglers Disconnect/sever fuel lines Firefighting water to flood engines Physically blocking Shouldering LTL munitions (Pepperball) No Yes, for Pepperball (NLIM)(D8) IV – Disable Directed at equipment, not people! Not authorized in foreign TTS Warning shots ineffective, probable cause for F2H2, not likely to cause death/harm, no undue risk, etc. Yes (D8)  Warning shots and disabling fire against fishing vessels that fail to heave to for a boarding may be considered when: o There is reasonable suspicion that the vessel is engaged in criminal activity other than fisheries violations. o A foreign fishing vessel illegally fishes in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and other reasonable enforcement options have been exhausted or are unavailable; or o A vessel without nationality, assimilated, or treated as such, fishes illegally in the U.S. EEZ or in contravention of international fishing agreements.

Answer 170

o Zones * Help determine if SPI can get on scene in time to interdict prior to the lancha entering MX TTS. Hot pursuit terminates at MX TTS. * Red/Yellow/Green zones that radiate out from US/MX MBL land boundary out to 50 nm o D8 Delegated SNO (normally at CG-5R level): * For a lancha interdicted in U.S. waters (including the EEZ), the standard course of action for the delegated SNO includes: * Regional concurrence by NOAA OLE, NOAA GCES, and in cases involving a failure to heave to, the servicing USAO. * Seizure of the vessel, gear, and catch. Disposition of the seized vessel, gear, and catch in accordance with current guidance. * Transfer of the Mexican crew from the USCG to Customs and Border Protection (CBP) for repatriation to Mexico; (AMO/Intel) * Standard SNO (for routine OPS, D8 has delegated to Sector Commander) * Concurrence between D8 LEDO and Duty attorney that vessel was illegally fishing * No potential for failure to heave to prosecution * Interdicted north of MBL * No unusual circumstances (interdiction in state waters, interactions with other F/Vs, etc.) * Non-Standard SNO (remains at D8 level) * Interdiction below the MBL * Includes failure to heave to * UOF for non-compliant vessel or person on person UOF o USCG asset CANNOT enter U.S. TTS with lanchamen without the SNO being granted first. o Following a lancha SNO decision, D8(dri) is responsible for approving custodial interviews of all MX nationals detained prior to transfer to CBP for repatriation * Only adults will be subject to custodial interviews; all minors will be excluded * For lancha cases that may be referred to Assistant U.S. Attorney (AUSA) for Failure to Heave To prosecution, custodial interviews WILL NOT be conducted on the master and designated crewmembers o For a lancha interdicted in Texas state waters, (shoreward of 9 NM) where Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) is willing to act, the standard course of action under the delegated SNO may also include: * Regional concurrence by NOAA OLE, NOAA GCES, and TPWD * Transfer of the vessel, gear, crew, and case package from the USCG to TPWD for enforcement action; and * Transfer of illegal catch to TPWD or return of illegal catch to the sea. o UOF for lanchas: * During the interdiction of non-compliant Mexican lanchas suspected of fishing within the U.S. EEZ in the Gulf of Mexico, the LA-51 warning device is authorized for employment without an SNO at the Boarding Officer’s discretion. * For AMIO and Fisheries missions, ballistic warning shots are not authorized when NLIM PLS will be employed. Instead, LA-51 shall be employed as the Step II tactic. * Pursuit units in District 8 are authorized to employ NLIM PLS as a Step III NCV tactic. * NLIM PLS for a Mexican lancha suspected of fishing in the U.S. EEZ may be authorized. * Operational commanders shall exercise a significant degree of restraint in UOF during fisheries cases. o Process covered under Ch. 9 of the MLEM

Answer 171

o Documented F/V must be owned and operated by a U.S. citizen o At least 75% of the crew must be U.S. Citizens and/or Permanent Resident Aliens o No more than 25% of the crew are allowed to be employed under the “Aliens Allowed to be Employed Under the Immigration and Nationality Act” – Work Permit

Answer 172

o CFV: D8/ delegated to COTP * Termination is authorized when one or more specifically defined unsafe conditions exist, they cannot be corrected on the spot, and continued operation of the vessel constitutes an especially hazardous condition. o Recreational Vessel/UPV: Boarding officer and/or CO/OINC o Manifestly unsafe: Pursuant to authority contained in 33 CFR 177.04, the District Commander may declare a U.S. recreational or uninspected passenger vessel to be engaged in a Manifestly Unsafe Voyage. Violations of law and treaties that create an especially hazardous condition may subject U.S. recreational and uninspected passenger vessels to voyage termination under 33 CFR Part 177. Termination is authorized when one or more specifically defined unsafe conditions exist, they cannot be corrected on the spot, and continued operation of the vessel constitutes an especially hazardous condition. * Unsuitable design or configuration * Improper construction or inadequate material condition * Failure to comply with operational or safety equipment requirements

Answer 173

o International Ship and Port Facility Security Code o Amendment to SOLAS on minimum security arrangements for ships, ports, and governments o Applies to all merchant vessels 500 GT and larger, passenger ships on international voyages, and port facilities serving such ships. o All vessels meeting these criteria are subject to screening prior to entering US waters. o Uses the ISPS/MSTA Security Compliance Targeting Matrix: * An UNCLAS tool for COTP/OCMI to target vessel for examination * Done via MISLE prior to entering port by SBT. * Triggers an ISPS/MTSA Security Compliance Exam based on ISPS Status * ISPS I: 17 or more points (should be examined prior to entry) * ISPS II: 7-16 points (subject to exam upon arrival) * ISPS III: 0-6 points (subject to random exam)

Answer 174

o Vessel that due to country of registry, ownership, or charter, has been identified by the National Security Council as potential threat to national security. Falls into two categories: * CAT I: Restricted States. Vessels registered in restricted states may enter US Ports subject to certain limitations * CAT II: Non-entrant States. Vessels registered in, owned, operated by, or charted to non-entrant states are not permitted to enter US Ports except by innocent passage or force majeure.

Answer 175

o Intel report issued by EPIC

Answer 176

o Intelligence information for tactical decision making o Wants/warrants o Anti-terrorism info

Answer 177

o High Interest Vessel (HIV): A commercial vessel that may pose a high relative risk to the port. o Matrix on MIFC PAC website used to “score” vessels based on the ISPS numbering system above. Classified risk-based tool to evaluate the security risk of vessels entering port. o Used by PSC and SBT to screen and validate any vessel that’s required to submit an ANOA o Looks at: * Last 5 ports of call * Cargo * Nationality of people on board * Security protocols * Other intel o PSC looks at SANS, Port State Analysis matrix, and MISLE to find out all this data. Completed daily.

Answer 178

o A security boarding is a limited examination by armed boarding team to deter terrorism or a transportation security incident. o Types: * HIV * COE – Conditions of Entry, Security requirements imposed on vessel arriving to the US after calling on ports that the CG has determined to lack effective anti-terrorism measures. * HIV non-COE * HIV w/ COE

Answer 179

 What is OPCON? o Operational Control: Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the command.  What is TACON? o Tactical Control: Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned.

Answer 180

 Who has TACON of cutters assigned to SCC for LE, LMR, and PWCS? o Command Center  How does TACON work for DSFs, members deployed for HAZMAT/Pollution, and Aux? o DSF: SCC under direction of Incident Commander/Response o IMD: SCC after hours and when deployed for pollution/HAZMAT under direction of Response o Aux: Station CO/OINC has OPCON. OIA is either Response or MSU  Who has OPCON of boat stations? o Sector Response  Who has TACON of boat stations during response missions? o Command Center  Who has TACON of individual station boats? o Station CO/OINC

Answer 181

o Offshore operations for boats (case by case, final decision goes to coxswain and CO/OINC) o Restrictive discrepancies (verbal ok if w/I 4 hours) * Discrepancy * Conditions under which boat may be operated * Risk mitigation o Heavy weather (case by case, final decision goes to coxswain and CO/OINC) o Boat crew max U/W hours/Crew fatigue * Need 8 hours rest/recovery prior to any other mission * 2 to 6 hours if u/w 2300-0500 * 50/50 F for PPE

Answer 182

o BUI QRC o Deploy boarding team from closest unit, obtain GAR score o Coordinate handoff/escort with local authorities o Drug and alcohol testing (as required by IO)

Answer 183

o ACOE o Backed up traffic o SAR o Pollution o River flow

Answer 184

o DISTRESS situation for SAR o Notify POCCA/RFMC o Fill out SAR/Bomb Threat QRCs o CIC call o Issue UMIB o Brief SMC/Response/DEO/CO/D8 o Notify pilots, FBI, CBP o Establish safety zone of 1000 yds on water and land (coordinate with locals)

Answer 185

o Pull out the QRC and gather initial info: * Rank/name * Command * Location/reason/duration of confinement and contact number * Arresting agency o Notify: * Logistics/XO * Deputy Commander * Enforcement (for stations) * WWM (for ATON units) * CMC * Legal * CSO * D8 * CGIS (for felony)

Answer 186

o All phone calls (DVL) o AIS tracks o Radio transmissions (R21) o 1 hour of radio transmissions on Ch. 16

Answer 187

o ETA o Repair plans o ATON discrepancy QRC o SMIB to notify mariners o Brief WWM, who will notify D8. o If issue continues for >12 hours, will likely become BNM. o Bridges of concern include: * Port Isabel Swing Bridge (Manned) * Victoria Barge Canal Lift Bridge (remote)

Answer 188

o Tug and barge primarily * CDC * Oil * Chemicals o Is barge broken free? (Haznav, potential for pollution, allisions, collisions) o What type of cargo involved? o GIWW mile marker o Are they in a lock? o MEP/Marine Casualty o SMIB/UMIB o Sound tanks and voids o Get USCG eyes on scene o Potential to shut down waterway o Engage Port Recovery Specialist for CART/EEIs – potential waterway closure

Answer 189

o SAR aspect: * AIPOC * Brief SMC/AIROPS * Launch assets * UMIB o Was pilot being delivered via air or boat? If boat, pilot vessels can “scoop” them out with the type of boat they have. Will NOT be able to work radio because they are out on deck. o Where is M/V? * If close to anchorage, direct to anchorage * If more offshore, proceed offshore to avoid blocking waterway * M/V is not going to be able to assist with SAR in restricted waterway o Discuss suspension of pilot operations until SAR patterns complete o Potential for DADSAFE due to disruption of maritime traffic, high media interest

Answer 190

o Are all POB accounted for? o Is bridge in danger? Contact bridge owner/operator and get inspectors on scene o Contact local OGAs to set up traffic patterns/bridge closure (TXDOT) o Is vessel in immediate dangers? o Is there pollution risk? o Is this a marine casualty? o Is the channel blocked? (SMIB/Waterway Closure)

Answer 191

o Use Pollution QRC o Collect involved party info o Advise them to contact NRC if not done so already o Get incident location o Material discharged/amount/potential o Actions being taken o If major spill, call DAD-SAFE o DO NOT TOUCH OR GET NEAR THE DRUM! o Deploy USCG asset to get eyes on scene o Establish safety zone on land/sea as needed o TFR/Safety Zone (consult the ERG!)

Answer 192

o Back off and deploy locally qualified boarding team. o IMD is not equipped to handle LE situations

Answer 193

o Initially treat as SAR and then transition into pollution and safety hazards o QRCs – SAR, Grounding, Marine Casualty, Pollution, ATON Discrepancy o UMIB for SAR, SMIB for hazard to navigation o Concerns include: * Pollution * Potential for barges to break free and cause HazNav * Injuries * Blocked waterway/commerce * Potential CIC call * Damage to vessel * What type of cargo is being transported? * Tide/currents – can they be safely refloated?

Answer 194

o No propulsion/power o If not under tow, have no means to maneuver or avoid hazards o Vessel traffic o Pollution potential

Answer 195

o Evaluate case as DISTRESS and evaluation of the 10 Factor. o Fill out SAR, Pollution, Marine Casualty, Grounding and ATON Discrepancy QRCs. o Launch helo and STA Cape D o Issue UMIB that is specific to situation o Notify chain of command (CO, SMC, IMD, WWM, ATON, IO, DMI, D8, locals) o Establish safety zone if needed o Discuss potential of removing personnel from vessel prior to capsizing o Notify bar/river pilots and Merchants Exchange to get word out to commercial traffic o Discuss potential for temporary closure of the bar, depending on size of spill/type of response/hazards

Answer 196

o Safety of personnel is priority o Evacuation QRC o Pipe to evacuate all buildings o Launch helos/cutters o SARTEL notification to all units o AWS notice (D8 do it!) o Initiate EAP if necessary o Initiate COOP o Conference call with command if possible o ICP (Planning) o Watch for NWS warnings.

Answer 197

o Generator is good for 7 days. If generator fails, UPS will supply power to SCC and Intel for up to 8 hours. o Log in radio and SCC log o Confirm R21 is operational – if not, contact General Dynamics to shift towers to Sector HG (2-4 hours). Contact Sec HG to let them know it’s coming so they can plus up watch until we can get there. Could also potentially have STAs monitor towers and/or set up at STAs. o Conduct test on COTHEN o Notify duty EOW/Facilities o Notify Duty IT/ESD o Ensure all computers on watch floor are working o Notify D8 o Bring in cell phones if needed o Contact neighboring units to assume radio guards and to man towers and listen to CH. 16 if U/w o Notify chain of command to include AIROPS/SMC/MSD o All phones are digital with exception of SAR line and STE. If evacuating, shift SAR line to CDO phone. o Contact all dispatch centers and notify response may be delayed o Call BOEC/COMSAL/BRIDGES/DAMS/AUX/Pilots o Send out SMIB with contact info (SAR line still works) o Request HC-144 and find out where all your major cutters and PBs are for offshore radio coverage as needed

CDO SG Flashcards

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