CEA Flashcards
what does CEA stand for
cost effectiveness analysis
why do we need CEA
used when outcomes are difficult to determine (which drug is better if one costs less but results in more death)
what is a CEA
compares costs and consequences of 2 or more interventions
which one is more cost-effective? is the outcome worth its corresponding cost?
not used to cut costs, rather determine how to use healthcare resources more efficiently
two types of outcomes in CEA
intermediate-effectiveness outcomes (surrogate endpoints, BP reduction)
final-effectiveness outcomes (primary clinical outcomes, mortality, years of life gained)
how are results usually stated in CEA
additional cost expended per additional health outcome achieved
cost per life year saved
range of the aggregate costs to society for every additional year a patient lives because of an intervention
cost per life year gained
how many life years can be gained for specified cost
two types of cost-effectiveness ratios
average CE ratio (ACER)
incremental CE ratio (ICER)
ACER
cost A/benefit A
cost B/benefit B
ACER limitations
offers little guidance to efficiency of treatment. represents OVERALL measure
ICER answers what question
given what is currently being accomplished, what more do we get from the new treatment?
ICER
(costs A-costs B)/(effect A- effect B)
how is ICER interpreted
cost per additional unit of effectiveness
CEA limitations
does not compare cost effectiveness for different health conditions. decision maker must make value judgments. DOES NOT ADDRESS AFFORDABILITY OF INTERVENTIONS
how do we address the affordability questions
budget impact model (BIM)
