CELL 1

Question 1

The ______ is coined as the basic living unit of all organisms.

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

Concluded that all plant and animal tissues were composed of cells.

Answer 2

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Question 2

cells are composed primarily of four significant elements-

Answer 2

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen.

Question 3

was the first person to use the term “cell”. He referred to the small empty chambers in the structure of cork as cells.

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

proposed the theory of biogenesis where cells only arise from pre-existing
cells.

Answer 4

Rudolf Virchow

Question 5

A ______ is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

Answer 5

cell

Question 6

Types of Cell

Answer 6

Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell

Question 7

composed of organelles that are membrane bound structures, each having a unique role and containing a specific complement of proteins and other molecules.

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cell

Question 8

ack of membranous subcellular organelles which are possessed by the eukaryotes, but they are still able to perform the necessary processes of life.

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cell

Question 9

• DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.
• Contain membrane-bound organelles which include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex
• Cell division involve mitosis.

Answer 9

EUKARYOTES

Question 10

• DNA is not enclosed within the membrane.
• Lack membrane-enclosed organelles
• Usually divide by binary fission.

Answer 10

PROKARYOTES

Question 11

contain subcellular structures and well-defined nucleus.

Answer 11

Eukaryotes

Question 12

Structure: Phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins and some carbohydrates; forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell.

Answer 12

Plasma Membrane

Question 13

Functions: Acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents; regulates material movement into and out of the cell; functions in cell communication

Answer 13

Plasma Membrane

Question 14

o Structure: It is enclosed within a double membrane called nuclear envelope; contains nucleolus

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

o Function: It contains the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein
synthesis.

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

: It consists of RNA and proteins which functions in ribosomal unit assembly.

Answer 16

Nucleolus

Question 17

: It surrounds the chromatin and the nucleoli.

Answer 17

Nucleoplasm

Question 18

`o Structure: This can be seen between the plasma membrane and the nucleus where
the other cellular elements are embedded.

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

o Function: It is responsible for various cellular processes.

Answer 19

Cytoplasm

Question 20

are membrane-bound structures which carry out specific metabolic
activities of the cell.

Answer 20

Organelles

Question 21

provides support for organelles and serves as the viscous fluid medium.

Answer 21

Cytosol

Question 22

o It is further subdivided into:
▪ Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 23

Structure: Extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape; ribosomes attached on the cytoplasmic surfaces

Answer 23

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

* Functions: Modifies, transports, and stores proteins produces by attached ribosomes

Answer 24

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

are involved in the protein synthesis.

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

* Structure: Extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes

Answer 26

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

* Function: Synthesizes, transports, and stores lipids; detoxifies drugs; forms vesicles and peroxisomes

Answer 27

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

o Structure: Series of several elongated, flattened saclike membranous structures.

Answer 28

Golgi Apparatus

Question 29

o Functions: Modifies, packages, and sorts materials, that arrive from the endoplasmic reticulum in transport vesicles

Answer 29

Golgi Apparatus

Question 30

▪ ___________ transport cellular material. Mature vesicles are called secretory vesicles.

Answer 30

Vesicles

Question 31

o Structure: Double-membrane-bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

o Function: It is responsible for the production of energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

▪ is highly permeable to small molecules, due to the presence of a pore-forming protein called porin.

Answer 33

Outer membrane

Question 34

▪ contains many proteins that participate in oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 34

Intermembrane

Question 35

▪ has multiple folds projecting inwards, called cristae.

Answer 35

Inner membrane

Question 36

o Structure: Spherical shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the golgi apparatus; contain digestive enzymes

Answer 36

Lysosomes

Question 37

o Function: Digest microbes or materials by the cell

Answer 37

Lysosomes

Question 38

o Structure: Small vesicles surrounded by a membrane

Answer 38

Peroxisomes

Question 38

o Structure: Organized network of protein filaments

Answer 38

Cytoskeleton

Question 38

o Function: Involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol (peroxidase enzymes)

Answer 38

Peroxisomes

Question 39

o Function: Maintains integral structural support and organization of cells

Answer 39

Cytoskeleton

Question 39

▪ maintain cell shape.

Answer 39

Microfilaments

Question 40

▪ provides structural support.

Answer 40

Microtubules

Question 40

▪ give mechanical support to structures like nucleus and plasma membrane.

Answer 40

Intermediate filaments

Question 41

* Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of its higher concentration to an area of its lower concentration.

Answer 41

Passive Transport Process

Question 41

o is the type of diffusion of dissolved solutes through the plasma membrane

Answer 41

Simple diffusion

Question 42

o is the type of diffusion that requires a protein carrier.

Answer 42

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 42

o is the diffusion of water point across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 42

Osmosis

Question 43

* This type of cell membrane transport uses energy (ATP) provided by the cell.

Answer 43

Active Transport Process

Question 44

* refers to bulk movement of substance into the cells by vesicles forming at the plasma membrane.

Answer 44

Endocytosis

Question 44

* refers to bulk movement of substance out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Answer 44

Exocytosis

Question 45

o The DNA molecule is duplicated exactly in a process called ________________ which occurs toward the end of the interphase.

Answer 45

DNA replication

Question 45

o It is the longer phase of the cell cycle where the cell is active and preparing for cell division.

Answer 45

Interphase

Question 46

onsists of four stages-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The result is two daughter nuclei, each identical to the mother nucleus.

Answer 46

Mitosis

Question 47

▪ - each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere.

Answer 47

Prophase

Question 47

▪ - chromosomes align at the center of the cell

Answer 47

Metaphase

Question 48

▪ - two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

Answer 48

Telophase

Question 48

▪ - chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Answer 48

Anaphase