Cell.

Question 1

Most prominent organelle of cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus.

Question 2

Which structure doesn’t contains nucleus?

Answer 2

Mature RBC.

Question 3

In which structure, RNA processing and ribosomes synthesising takes place?

Answer 3

Nucleolous.

Question 4

Marker enzyme of mitochondria is located where? Name it?

Answer 4

Inner membrane ,ATP synthase.

Question 5

Which structure is a site of detoxification of drugs?

Answer 5

ER.

Question 6

Marker enzyme of lysosomes?

Answer 6

Cathespin.

Question 7

In which case , cathespin which is limited to interior of lysosomes get released out of cell?

Answer 7

Tumour metastasis.

Question 8

In which case, mannose-6-phosphate is synthesised but can’t reach its targeting cell?

Answer 8

Inclusion cell (I-1) disease.

Question 9

Protein packaging and secretion is done by?

Answer 9

Golgi complex.

Question 10

Marker enzyme of golgi complex?

Answer 10

Galactosyl transferase.

Question 11

Marker enzyme of cytoplasm?

Answer 11

Lactate dehydrogenase.

Question 12

Marker enzyme of microsomes?

Answer 12

Glucose-6-phosphatase.

Question 13

Mitochondria is absent in?

Answer 13

Erythrocyte.

Question 14

Which part of mitochondria contains ETC?

Answer 14

Inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 15

Enzymes for citric acid cycle, urea cycle and heme synthesis are located in?

Answer 15

Fluid matrix.

Question 16

Inner mitochondrial membrane contains cytochrome-P450 is involved in?

Answer 16

Steroidogenesis.

Question 17

Which structure are prominent in leukocyte and platelets?

Answer 17

Peroxisomes.

Question 18

Which enzymes destroy the free radicals formed from per oxidation of PUFA ?

Answer 18

Catalase and Peroxidase.

Question 19

In which disease there is insufficient oxidation of VLCFA by peroxisomes?

Answer 19

Adrenoleukodystrophy.( Brown Schilder disease)

Question 20

Disease due to defective peroxisomal metabolism of glyoxalate from glycine?

Answer 20

Primary hyperoxaluria.

Question 21

Disease in which no transport of protein to peroxisomes is their due to which peroxisomes remains empty?

Answer 21

Zellweger syndrome.

Question 22

Which structure plays a triggering role in apoptosis?

Answer 22

Mitochondria.

Question 23

Name two ectoenzymes of plasma membrane?

Answer 23

Alkaline phosphatase and Nucleotide phosphatase.

Question 24

Which type of phospholipid are prs on outer and inner side of plasma membrane ?

Answer 24

Outer- choline containing phospholipids.

Inner- ethanolamine and serine containing phospholipids.

Question 25

Lateral movement of membrane describes which property of membrane?

Answer 25

Fluidity.

Question 26

Fluidity of membrane enables which process ?

Answer 26

Exocytosis and Endocytosis.

Question 27

Which enzymes catalysis flip-flop movement?

Answer 27

Flippases.( transfer of amino phospholipids) | Floppases catalyse outward movement.

Question 28

Which substance can alter fluidity of membrane?

Answer 28

Cholesterol. With its increase , fluidity decreases

Question 29

Which type of Fatty acid affects fluidity?

Answer 29

Unsaturated cis FA

Question 30

Transmembrane protein works as?

Answer 30

Receptors.

Question 31

Main polysaccharide of bacterial cell wall?

Answer 31

N- acetyl muramic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.

Question 32

Name the protein that forms gap junctions?

Answer 32

Connexin.

Question 33

From which substances is myelin sheath made up of?

Answer 33

Cerebroside,cholesterol,sphingomyelin

Question 34

In which disease, demyelination occurs at discrete areas and impulse conduction decreases?

Answer 34

Multiple sclerosis.

Question 35

Proteins that are responsible for coordinated movements in tissues and cells?

Answer 35

Molecular motors.

Question 36

Which process is a carrier mediated process?

Answer 36

Facilitated diffusion.

Question 37

Is facilitated diffusion a bidirectional process?

Answer 37

Yes.

Question 38

In facilitated diffusion, carrier molecules are found in which 2 states?

Answer 38

Ping and pong state.

Question 39

In which state of carrier protein, solute binds to its specific receptors?

Answer 39

Pong state.

Question 40

In which state of carrier protein, active sites faces interior?

Answer 40

Ping state.

Question 41

Transportation of glucose to RBC is an example of ?

Answer 41

Facilitated diffusion.

Question 42

Which structure forms tetramers and facilitate the transport of water along cell membrane?

Answer 42

Aquaporins.

Question 43

How many types of aquaporins are found in human?

Answer 43

10.

Question 44

What is a human aquaglyceroporin?

Answer 44

AQP9.

Question 45

Where are aquaporins are significantly located in human body?

Answer 45

Kidney.

Question 46

Which type of aquaporins are found in PCT?

Answer 46

AQP1,AQP7,AQP8.

Question 47

Which type of aquaporins are found in collecting duct?

Answer 47

AQP- 2,3,4,6,8.

Question 48

Reduced function of AQP2 leads to which disease?

Answer 48

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Question 49

Group of disorders due to abnormalities in protein forming channels?

Answer 49

Channelopathies.

Question 50

Point mutation in sodium channels will lead to ?

Answer 50

Myotonia- increased muscle excitability and contractibility.

Question 51

Which local anaesthetic can block sodium channels?

Answer 51

Procaine.

Question 52

In which syndrome, sodium channels of renal epithelium get mutated and do extra water retention that leads to decrease in BP?

Answer 52

Linndles disease.

Question 53

Mutations in potassium channels leads to which syndrome which leads to inherited cardiac arrhythmias?

Answer 53

Long QT syndrome ( ventricular repolarisation is delayed so QT interval increases)

Question 54

In which cases potassium channels blockers are used?

Answer 54

Cardiac arrhythmia.

Question 55

In which case, potassium channels openers are used?

Answer 55

Smooth muscle dilators.

Question 56

What is used in treatment of hypertension?

Answer 56

Calcium channel blockers.

Question 57

What is a chloride transporting ABC protein?

Answer 57

CFTR gene( cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein).

Question 58

Mutation in CFTR gene leads to ?

Answer 58

Cystic fibrosis.

Question 59

Inhibitory neurotransmitter like glycine and GABA will attribute the opening of which channels?

Answer 59

Chloride channels.

Question 60

Which syndrome occurs due to mutation in potassium and chloride channels of especially ascending limb of renal tubules leads to hypokalcemia?

Answer 60

Bartter syndrome.

Question 61

In calcium pump for each ATP how much calcium ions are transported?

Answer 61

2.

Question 62

Transmembrane protein that allow selective entry of ions?

Answer 62

Ion channels.

Question 63

Which channels operate when only effectors bind to them?

Answer 63

Ligand-gated channels.

Question 64

What is the best example of ligand-gated channels?

Answer 64

Acetylcholine receptors.

Question 65

Which channels opens only during depolarisation otherwise they are closed in their group state?

Answer 65

Voltage gated channels.

Question 66

Which structure do transport of antibodies?

Answer 66

Ionophores.

Question 67

How many types of ionophores are there? Which are they?

Answer 67

``` 2; mobile ion carriers ( valinomycin) channel formers ( gramicidin) ```

Question 68

What acts as uncoupler of ETC? Why?

Answer 68

Valinomycin as it allows potassium to enter mitochondria.

Question 69

Which pump is an example of uniport system?

Answer 69

Calcium pump.

Question 70

Example of uniport system?

Answer 70

Glucose transport.

Question 71

Example of symport transport?

Answer 71

Na dependent glucose transport. | Amino acid transport.

Question 72

Which inhibitor inhibited Na dependent glucose transport especially in PCT that results in renal glycosuria?

Answer 72

Phlorhizin.

Question 73

Chloride bicarbonate exchange in RBC is an example of which transport?

Answer 73

Anti transport.

Question 74

Defective transport mechanism of A.A in intestine and renal tubules leads to?

Answer 74

Hartnup disease.

Question 75

Abnormal reabsorption of cysteine leads to ?

Answer 75

Cystinuria.