Cell

Question 1

The smallest unit of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

The three scientists that contributed to the development of cell theory are…

Answer 2

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.

Question 3

Postulates of Cell Theory

Answer 3

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cell is the smallest unit of organism
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 4

Cell Types (2)

Answer 4

1. Prokaryotic Cell

2. Eukaryotic Cell

Question 5

Energy production without oxygen

Answer 5

Anaerobic respiration

Question 6

Energy production with oxygen

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration

Question 7

10-30 micrometers in length

Typically round or irregular in shape.

Answer 7

Animal Cell

Question 8

10-100 micrometers in length

Typically rectangular or cubic in shape

Answer 8

Plant Cell

Question 9

A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell much like an organ does in the body.

Answer 9

Cell Organelles

Question 10

• Largest and most obvious organelle that stores the cell’s DNA.
• Cell’s command center.
• Controls all the cell activities such as growth and metabolism using the DNA’s genetic information.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Prominent structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

• Is the “soup” within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs.
• Mostly water, and is full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors.

Answer 12

Cytosol

Question 13

• Is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol.

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

• MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC)

- Is an area in the cell where microtubules are produced.

Answer 14

Centrosome

Question 15

Is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell.

Answer 15

Golgi Apparatus

Question 16

Contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intercellular digestion.

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

Are responsible for protecting the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 17

Peroxisomes

Question 18

Cell secretions - e.g. hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged in secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. The _____ are then transported to the cell surface for release.

Answer 18

Secretory Vesicles

Question 19

• Acts as a protective barrier to the uncontrolled flow of water.
• A double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer)

Answer 19

Cell Membrane

Question 20

Water loving

Answer 20

Hydrophilic

Question 21

Water fearing

Answer 21

Hydrophobic

Question 22

Provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract. A powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

Is a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products.

• Tends to be larger in plants and smaller in animals.
• Plays several roles including storing nutrients and waste products.

Answer 23

Vacuole

Question 24

• Vast network of membrane-bound vesicles and tubules.
• Is so named because it appears smooth by electron microscopy.
• Plays different functions depending on the specific cell type including lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells, and control of calcium release in muscle cell contraction

Answer 24

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

Appears “pebbled” by electron microscopy due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its surface

Answer 25

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 26

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

Helps maintain cell shape, but primary importance is in cell motility.

Answer 27

Cytoskeleton

Question 28

Provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a protective barrier.

Answer 28

Cell Wall

Question 29

These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll responsible for the plant's green color and the ability to absorb energy from sunlight

Answer 29

Chloroplast

Question 30

Smaller, DNA in nucleoid region, single-celled, anaerobic respiration, no membrane-bound organelles

Answer 30

Prokaryotic cell

Question 31

Larger, DNA within membrane bound nucleus, multicellular, aerobic respiration, membrane-bound organelles

Answer 31

Eukaryotic cell

Question 32

Where microtubules are produced

Answer 32

Centrosome