Cell

Question 1

Regulates the passage of subs. in & out of the cell

Answer 1

Plasma membrane / cytoplasmic membrane

Question 2

Covered by phospholipid bilayer called nuclear envelope
Contains DNA & RNA

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Thread like structure that carries genetic information

Answer 3

Chromosome

Question 4

Material that makes up chromosome
DNA + histones “bead on strings”

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Guides the coiling of DNA / attachment

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

Chromosome copy

Answer 6

Chromatid

Question 7

Chromatids that are bound to each other by a centromere

Answer 7

Sister chromatids

Question 8

Contains nucleolus

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Responsible for ribosomal synthesis

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

Powerhouse of the cell
Generates ATP

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

Mechanisms for ATP production in cytoplasm

Answer 11

Glycolysis
Direct phosphorylation

Question 12

Glycolysis by products

Answer 12

2 ATP l 2 puruvic acid l 4 hydrogen

Question 13

Direct phosphorylation byproducts

Answer 13

1 ATP l1 creatinine

Question 14

Mechanisms for ATP production in mitochondria

Answer 14

Kreb cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Kreb cycle by products

Answer 15

2 ATP l 16 hydrogen I 4 CO2 l 2 coenzyme A

Question 16

Oxidative phosphorylation byproducts

Answer 16

34 ATP l Max of 38

Question 17

Site for protein synthesis

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

Basic structures of proteins

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

Amino acids are made up of what elements

Answer 19

CHON

Question 20

2 examples of essential amino acids that the body is capable of producing but are very few

Answer 20

Arginine and histidine

Question 21

Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can’t be produced without the help of?

Answer 21

Phenylalanine

Question 22

Types of RNA

Answer 22

rRna
mRna
tRna

Question 23

Forms ribosomes (translates the mRna)

Answer 23

rRNA

Question 24

Carries genetic information of DNA; end product of transcription

Answer 24

mRNA

Question 25

Carries amino acids to the ribosomes during translation

Answer 25

tRNA

Question 26

Site of: steroid synthesis l lipogenesis l detoxification

Answer 26

Smooth E.R

Question 27

Packaged products of Golgi A. Responsible for apoptosis "programmed cell death"

Answer 27

Lysosomes

Question 28

Types of nuclear changes during apoptosis

Answer 28

KPK Karyolysis - nuclear fading / dissolution Pyknosis - nuclear shrinkage Karyorrhexis - fragmentation

Question 29

Holds chromosomes during cell division Contains pair of centrioles made up of microtubulles arranged in CARTWHEEL PATTERN

Answer 29

Centrosome

Question 30

Increases surface area of the cell that increases its absorption property

Answer 30

Microvilli

Question 31

"Brush border” presentation

Answer 31

Microvilli

Question 32

"9+ 2 pattern" arrangement in microtubules Common in respiratory epithelium and Fallopian tube

Answer 32

Cilia

Question 33

Made up of axoneme l longer than Alia

Answer 33

Flagella

Question 34

The longest phase of cellular division

Answer 34

Interphase

Question 35

Division of somatic cells; results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells (diploid)

Answer 35

Mitosis (pmat)

Question 36

PMAT is also known as?

Answer 36

Karykokinesis

Question 37

Division of sex cells

Answer 37

Meiosis

Question 38

What is the phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis

Answer 38

Synapsis

Question 39

Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosomes, also known as the "crossing over" or "chiasmata formation" of choosiness is called?

Answer 39

Recombination

Question 40

Enzyme that causes the DNA molecule to split or unzip?

Answer 40

🧬 helices

Question 41

Total body fluid volume

Answer 41

60% - H2O ( 40% - intracellular fluid l 20% - extracellular fluid) 17% - proteins 15% - fats 1% - carbohydrates 7.1% - others

Question 42

Blood volume

Answer 42

8%

Question 43

Movement of mol. Across the cell membrane w/0 using ATP

Answer 43

Passive transport

Question 44

Movt of solutes from higher concentration gradient to a lower concentration gradient

Answer 44

Simple diffusion

Question 45

Carrier mediated transport since it needs carrier proteins

Answer 45

Facilitated diffusion

Question 46

Movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure

Answer 46

Osmosis

Question 47

What is the most important protein that increases the osmotic pressure op the blood?

Answer 47

Albumin

Question 48

Mov't of molecules from ↓ concentration gradient to high concentration gradient that uses ATP

Answer 48

Active transport

Question 49

What are the non-insulin dependent tissues?

Answer 49

BRICKLE (Brain, red blood cells, intestines, cornea, kidney,liver, exercising skeletal muscles

Question 50

Most # cation in ECF

Answer 50

Sodium

Question 51

Least # cation in ECF

Answer 51

Potassium

Question 52

Least #cation in ICF

Answer 52

Sodium

Question 53

Most # anion in ECF

Answer 53

Chlorine

Question 54

Least #anion in ECF

Answer 54

Bicarbonate ( HCO 3-)

Question 55

Most #cation in ICF

Answer 55

Potassium

Question 56

Least # anion in ICF

Answer 56

Chlorine (CI)

Question 57

Least # anion in ICF

Answer 57

Chlorine (CI)

Question 58

Most important buffer of the blood plasma - 7.4 av.

Answer 58

Bicarbonate

Question 59

Most #anion in ICF; act as buffer in blood plasma

Answer 59

Phosphate (PO4-)