Cell Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Basic unit of life
A
Cell
2
Q
Subtance that make up the cell
A
PROTOPLASM
3
Q
Components of protoplasm
A
- Water
- Protein
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Ions/Electrolytes
4
Q
Principle medium of the cell
A
Water
5
Q
Water percent components
A
70-85%
6
Q
How many percent of the proteins?
A
10-20%
7
Q
What are the parts of the cell?
A
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
8
Q
Cell membrane is also called?
A
Plasma membrane
9
Q
Outer covering of the cell?
A
Cell membrane/ plasma membrane
10
Q
Components of cell membrane?
A
- Lipids
- Proteins
11
Q
Afraid of water?
A
Hydrophobic
12
Q
Loves water?
A
Hydrophilic
13
Q
Inner environment of the cell?
A
Cytoplasm
14
Q
Between the cell membrane and nucleus
A
Cytoplasm
15
Q
What is the fluid name where majority of organelles are suspended?
A
Cytosol
16
Q
What are the organelles of cytoplasm?
A
- Mithochondria
- Encoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi appartus
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes
- Cytoskeleton
17
Q
Power house of the cell?
A
Mitochondria
18
Q
Generates ATP?
A
Mitochondria
19
Q
What is ATP stands for?
A
Adenosine triphosphate
20
Q
Creats protein vesicles?
A
Rough ER
21
Q
Transport protein?
A
Rough ER
22
Q
Protein synthesis?
A
Ribosomes
23
Q
Fat synthesis
A
Smooth ER
24
Q
Cell detoxification?
A
Smooth ER
25
Also know as traffic director of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
26
Modifies and packages protein vesicles sent by the rough ER?
Golgi apparatus
27
Produced lysosomes?
Golgi apparatus
28
Made of proteins?
Lysosomes
29
Also known as Suicidal bags?
Lysosomes
30
It digest bacteria?
Lysosomes
31
What enzymes that help to kill digested bacteria?
Hydrolytic enzymes/ Hydrolases
32
Self- reflicative organelle?
Peroxisomes
33
What is the present enzymes in peroxisomes?
Oxidases/ Oxidative enzymes
34
Detoxifies free radicals?
Peroxisomes
35
Framework of the cell?
Cytoskeleton
36
Supports cytoplasm?
Cytoskeleton
37
What are the 4 forms of cytoskeleton?
Cilia, flagella, centriolles, spindle fibers
38
Responsible for the movement of materials over the surface of the cell?
Cilia
39
Responsible for the movement of sperm cells?
Flagella
40
Center for microtubules formation?
Centrioles
41
Assist in the seperation of chromosomes durimg cell divisiom?
Spindle fibers
42
Control center of the cell?
Nucleus
43
Direct cell activity?
Nucleus
44
It contains DNA?
Nucleus
45
What DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
46
What is the process of cell divisions?
Mitosis and Meiosis
47
It functions for growth and tissue repair?
Mitosis
48
It functions for sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
49
Type of cell for meiosis?
Sex cells or gametes
50
Type of cell for mitosis?
Somatic cell or body cell
51
What is the daughter cell for mitosis?
Diploid
52
What is the daughter cell for meiosis?
Haploid
53
How many daughter cells for mitosis?
2 daighter cell
54
How many daugther cells for meiosis?
4 daugther cell
55
How many chromosomes each daughter cell for mitosis?
46 chromosomes
56
How many paired chromosomes for mitosis?
23 pair
57
How many chromosomes each daughter cells for meiosis?
23
58
How many cell division undergoes the mitosis?
Once
59
How many cell division undergoes for meiosis?
Twice
60
What are the 4 cell division?
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
61
It disappears nucleus and nuclear envelope?
Prophase
62
Chromosomes are paired?
Prophase
63
Chromosomes are aligned at midline by the microtubules?
Metaphase
64
Away from the midline?
Anaphase
65
Chromosomes are split away/seperated at the centromere to become_______?
Chromatids
66
It forms like cleavage?
Telophase
67
Separation of the cytoplasm to form new daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
68
Reappearing of the nucleus and nuclear envelope?
Telophase
69
Ingestion of particles?
Endocytosis
70
What are the types of endocytosis?
1. Pinocytosis
2. Phagocytosis
71
Cell drinking mechanism?
Pinocytosis
72
Cell eating mechanism?
Phagocytosis
73
Ingestion of large and solid particles?
Phagocytosis
74
Ingestion of smaller molecules and liquid?
Pinocytosis
75
AKA downhill movement?
Diffusion
76
Movement from higher to lower concentration?
Diffusion
77
Types of diffusion?
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
78
Spontaneous movement of molecules?
Simple diffusion
79
Give a factors that increase the rate of diffusion?
1. Increase temperature
2. Small molecular size
3. Higher partition coefficient
80
Uses carries proteins to facilitate movement of substances?
Carrier mediated
81
Uses electrical current?
Voltage-gated
82
Uses neurotransmitters?
Ligand-gated
83
Movement of water from higher to lower areas of concentration and movements of solute from lower to higher?
Osmosis
84
Types of tonicity?
1. Hypertonic solution
2. Hypotonic solution
3. Isotonic solution
85
Solute is higher than the inside the cell?
Hypertonic
86
Solute outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?
Hypotonic
87
The solute outside and inside the cell is same?
Isotonic
88
Uses ATP?
Active transport
89
AKA uphill movement
Active transport
90
Manner of movement lower to higher?
Primary active transport
91
Only uses energy from primary active transport?
Secondary active transport
92
AKA writing across?
Transcription
93
Uses the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA?
Transcription
94
Molecule that carries genetic infromation for the development and functioning of an organism?
DNA
95
mRNA stands for?
Messenger ribonucleic acid
96
Molecule in cells that carries code from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?
mRNA
97
The process in which the genetic code of mRNA is read to make a protein?
Translation
98
Types of channel-mediates?
Voltage-gated
Ligand-gated
99
Types of facilitated diffusion?
Carrier-mediated
Channel-mediated
100
Energy currency of the cell?
ATP
