CELL Flashcards
0
Q
Knowing the diff functions of the body
A
Physiology
1
Q
Science that deals with living org and its functions and its parts including different physical and chemical process involved
A
Physiology
2
Q
Basic func unit of living org
A
Cell
3
Q
Building blocks of both animals and plants
A
Cell
4
Q
Each cell in the body maintain _ at the cellular level
A
Homeostasis
5
Q
Components of extracellular fluid
A
Sodium Chloride Bicarbonate ions Oxygen Glucose Fatty acids and aa Carbon dioxide
6
Q
Components of intracellular fluid
A
Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate ions
7
Q
State of balance, equilibrium
A
Homeostasis
8
Q
Maintaining CONSTANT INTERNAL ENVT even with changes in the external envt. Leading to a STABLE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE
A
Homeostasis
9
Q
3 classification of cells
A
Shape
Number
Size
10
Q
5 chemical composition of cells
A
Water Electrolytes Proteins Lipids Cho
11
Q
70%-80% in the cell
A
Water
12
Q
10-20% of the cell mass
A
Proteins
13
Q
2%
A
Lipids
14
Q
1%
A
Cho
15
Q
Principal fluid medium
A
Water
16
Q
Most abundant chemical component of cell
A
Water
17
Q
Inorg chemical needed for cellular rxn
A
Electrolytes
18
Q
Examples of electrolytes
A
Potassium Phosphate Magnesium Sulfate bicarbonate Sodium Chloride Calcium
19
Q
Second most abundant cell composition
A
Protein
20
Q
Proteins used in FORMATION OF CELL MEMBRANE
A
Structural proteins
21
Q
Examples of structural proteins
A
Phospholipids
Filaments
Microtubules
22
Q
Enzymes used to catalyze certain chemical rxn
A
Globular protein
23
Q
Substances soluble in fat solvents
A
Lipids
24
Form membrane barriers in the cells
Lipids
25
Examples of lipids
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
26
Nutrition of the cell
Carbohydrates
27
Stored as glycogen in the cell
Carbohydrates
28
Kinds of organelles
Non membranous
| Membranous
29
Non membranous organelles
CCC MFR
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Cilia
Microvilli
Flagella
Ribosomes
30
Membranous organelles
NEG LPM
Nucleus
Er
Golgi app
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
31
Gateway and barrier
Cell membrane
32
Phospholipid bilayer and an inner layer of protein
Cell membrane
33
Charged part
Hydrophilic heads
34
Uncharged part
Hydrophobic tails
35
Partially penetrate the phospholipid layer
Peripheral protein
36
Fully penetrate the phospholipid layer
Integral protein
37
Allows certain substances to pass thru
Selectively permeable
38
Functions of cell membrane
BCE RSG
```
Barriers
Controls entry of ions and nutrients
Elimination of wastes
Release of secretory products
Sensitivity of the cell
Gives structural support
```
39
Composed of mostly potassium
Intracellular area
40
Composed mostly of SODIUM and CHLORIDE
Extracellular
41
Materials inside the cell
Cytoplasm
42
Intracellular fluid
Cytosol
43
Semi gelatinous substance
Cytosol
44
Contains dissolved nutrients, soluble and insoluble proteins, waste products
Cytosol
45
Structures performing specific functions inside the cell
Organelles
46
Organelles always in contact with the cytosol
Non membranous organelles
47
Internal protein framework giving your cytoplasm strength and flexibility
Cytoskeleton
48
Components of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Thick filaments
Microtubules
49
Slender protein strand
Microfilaments
50
Maintains cellular shape by RESISTING TENSION
Microfilaments
51
Bonds CYTOSKELETON to CELL MEMBRANE
Microfilaments
52
Tie cells together
Microfilaments
53
Example of microfilaments
Thin filaments
54
Thicker than microfilaments
| 8-12 nanometers
Intermediate filaments
55
Maintain cellular shape by BEARING TENSION
intermediate filaments
56
Participate in CELL-CELL and CELL-MATRIX junction
Intermediate fil
57
May move matls in cytoplasm
Intermediate fil
58
Example of intermediate filaments
Neurofilament
59
Massive strand of protein
Thick filaments
60
Example of thick filaments
Myosin
61
Interact with the thin filaments to produce muscle contraction
Myosin
62
Largest component of cytoskeleton
Microtubules
63
Hollow tubes made from TUBULIN
Microtubules
64
Resist COMPRESSION
Microtubules
65
Provides strength
Microtubules
66
Move ORGANELLES
Microtubules
67
Examples of microtubules
Cilia
| Centrioles
68
Small finger shaped projections of cell membrane
Microvilli
69
Increase surface area of the cell outside
Microvilli
70
Absorption of matls from the extracellular fluids
Microvilli
71
Example of microvilli
Cell of digestive tract and kidney
72
9 grps of 3 microtubules forming a short cylinder
Centriole
73
Found in the centrosome near the nucleus
Centriole
74
Moves DNA molecules during cell division
Centriole
75
9 grps of 2 long microtubules forming a cylinder around a central pair
Cilia
76
Moves fluid or solid across the cell membrane
Cilia
77
Moves sperm cells through fluid
Flagella
78
Dense granules found in all cells scattered at cytoplasm,can be attached to ER
Ribosomes
79
Ribosomes
60%?
40%?
60 rna
| 40 proteins
80
To manufacture protein
Ribosomes
81
Surrounded by lipids
Membranous organelles
82
Double membrane containing inner folds or CRISTAE
Mitochondria
83
Atp production providing energy
Mitochondria
84
Process in producing ATP
Cellular respiration/ glycolysis
85
Spherical struc surrounded by a double memb
Nucleus
86
Nucleus contains..
Nucleolus and DNA
87
It is the CONTROL CENTER for cellular operations and its interaction with other cells
Nucleus
88
Where matls enter and exit from the nucleus
Nuclear pores
89
A network of intracellular membranes forming hollow tubes , flattened sheets and round chambers (cisternae)
Endoplasmic reticulum
90
Forme channels that circulate matls throughout the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
91
Storage unit for protein and enzymes
Er
92
For attachment of ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
93
Latin word for NET
Reticulum
94
Func of ER
Synthesize
Stores
Transports impt biomolecules
95
Contains ribosomes
Rough er
96
Newly synthesize proteins undergo chemical modification for export to the golgi app
Rough er
97
It is the factory of producing proteins
Rough er
98
Does not contain ribosomes
Smooth er
99
Synthesis of lipids, cho, hormones, steroids and alcohol
Smooth er
100
Signals the release of CALCIUM for muscle contraction
Smooth er
101
Flattened membrane discs
Saccules
102
Saccules are found in
Golgi app
103
Concentration and packaging center of the cell to form secretory vesicles
Golgi app
104
Contains digestive enzymes - acid hydrolases
Digest foreign particles
Defense against disease
Lysosome
105
Carry peroxidases
| Absorb and neutralize toxins
Peroxisome
106
Enzyme in lysosome
Acid hydrolases
107
Enzyme in peroxisome
Peroxidases
