Cell

Question 1

Examples of drugs that inhibit Na K ATPase (active transport)

Answer 1

Oubain, Digitalis

Question 2

Inhibitors of H-K Atpase (active transport)?

Answer 2

Omeprazole

Question 3

what is the resting membrane potential of rhe cell (in mV)?

Answer 3

-70 mV

Question 4

Examples of a drug / substance that blocks na channels thereby abolishing action potentials?

Answer 4

lidocaine, tetrodotoxin

Question 5

Drug / substance that blocks K gated channels?

Answer 5

Tetraethylammonium (TEA)

Question 6

Na+ equilibrium potential in mV?

Answer 6

+65 mV

Question 7

K+ equilibrium potential in mV?

Answer 7

-85 mV

Question 8

Substance that blocks the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminals?

Answer 8

Botulinus toxin

Question 9

Substance that competes with acetylcholine for receptors on motor end plate?

Answer 9

Curare

Question 10

Substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase?
(Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

It also prolongs and enhances the action of acetylcholine on the motor end plate.

Answer 10

Neostigmine

Question 11

Substance that blocks reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal thereby depleting acetylcholine stores from the presynaptic terminal?

Answer 11

Hemicholinium

Question 12

5 Examples of excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 12

Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin

Question 13

Cl- equilibrium potential in mV?

Answer 13

-90 mV

Question 14

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 14

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

Glycine

Question 15

Primary transmitter released from the postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 15

Norepinephrine

Question 16

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine?

Answer 16

Phenylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase

Question 17

Neurotransmitter that inhibits prolactin? (aka prolactin inhibiting factor)

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Neurotransmitter primarily found in the midbrain?

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

Neurotransmitter primarily found in the brainstem?

Answer 19

Serotonin

Question 20

Most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 20

Glutamate

Question 21

4 subtypes of glutamate receptors?

Answer 21

3 ionotropic receptors (i.e. N Metyl D Aspartate [NMDA] receptor)
1 metabotropic receptor

Question 22

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Glutamate to GABA?

Answer 22

Glutamate Decarboxylase

Question 23

The 2 types of GABA receptors are GABA-A and GABA-B. What are their functions?

Answer 23

GABA-A: increases Cl conduction; site of action of benzodiazepines and barbiturates
GABA-B: increases K conductance

Question 24

Enzyme that converts Arginine to Citruline and Nitric Oxide?

Answer 24

Nitric oxide synthase

Question 25

Accounts for the unique banding pattern of striated muscles?

Answer 25

Sarcomere (repeating units)

Question 26

Description of thick filaments in a myofibril?

Answer 26

1. Present in the A band 2. Contain Myosin 3. Has 6 polypeptide chains, one pair of heavy and 2 pairs of light chains

Question 27

Description of thin filaments in a myofibril?

Answer 27

1. present in I bands 2. anchorws in z lines 3. contains actin, troponin, tropomyosin

Question 28

Regulatory protein that permits cross bridge formation when it binds to calcium?

Answer 28

Troponin

Question 29

Site of Ca storage and release in the muscle for excitation-contraction coupling?

Answer 29

Sarcolplasmic Reticulun

Question 30

Calcium release channel

Answer 30

Ryanodine receptor (located at the SR)

Question 31

SERCA (SR Ca ATPase) funnction?

Answer 31

reuptake of intracellular Ca

Question 32

Isometric contraction vs Isotonic contraction?

Answer 32

Isometric contractions - measured when LENGTH is held constant; preload; NO shortening Isotonic - measured when LOAD is held constant; afterload; SHORTENING is measured

Question 33

Types of smooth muscle

Answer 33

1. Multi unit smooth muscle - iris, ciliary body of the lens, vas deferens; behaves as separate motor units; densely innervated (controlled by ANS) 2. Unitary (single unit) smooth muscle - most common, uterus, GI tract, ureter, bladder; spontaneously active (exhibits slow wave) and exhibits pacemaker activity 3. Vascular smooth muscle - has properties of both multi and single unit smooth muscles