Cell Anatomy And Division

Question 1

Centrioles

Answer 1

a small structure made of microtubules which exists as part of the centrosome, which helps organize microtubules in the body.

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins

Question 3

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids

Question 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins

Question 5

Plasma membrane

Answer 5

provides protection for a cell and a fixed environment inside the cell

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning

Question 8

Microvilli

Answer 8

finger-like protrusions of the inner wall of the intestine that increase the surface area of the of the intestinal membrane

Question 9

Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations

Question 10

Peroxisome

Answer 10

Contain enzymes to break down (oxidize) toxins

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

The control center

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

Make chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 15

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 15

a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

Cytosol

Answer 16

the “soup” within which all of the cell’s organelles reside

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

microscopic hair-like structures involved in the locomotion of a cell

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

play a major role in locomotion. They are also involved in mechanoreception

Question 20

Interphase

Answer 20

Cell prepares itself for mitosis by growing and replicating DNA

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

The process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division

Question 22

Prophase

Answer 22

the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite sides of the nucleus, initiating formation of the mitotic spindle

Question 23

Metaphase

Answer 23

The nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.

Question 24

Anaphase

Answer 24

each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

The chromosomes arrive at the cell poles, the mitotic spindle disassembles, and the vesicles that contain fragments of the original nuclear membrane assemble around the two sets of chromosomes

Question 26

Cytokinesis

Answer 26

One cell splits into two new cells