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physiology chapter 2 > Cell and its fuction > Flashcards

Cell and its fuction Flashcards

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1
Q

basic unit of the body, seen by the iight microscope

A

Cell

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2
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane

A

nucleus

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3
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane

A

nucleus

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4
Q

Is separated from the surrounding fluids by a cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

different substance that make up the cell are collectively called

A

protoplasm

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6
Q

5 basic substance of protoplasm

A

water
electrolytes
protein
Lipids
carbohydrates

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7
Q

principle fluid medium of the cell and present in most cells

A

water

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8
Q

Takes place among dissolved chemicals or at the surfaces of the suspended particles or membra

A

Chemical Reaction

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9
Q

provides inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions, necessary for operation of some cellular control mechanisms

A

Ions

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10
Q

After water, most abundance substance in most cells, constitute 10 to 20% of the cell mass

A

Protein

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11
Q

Present in the cells mainly in the form of long filaments that are polymer of many individual protein molecules

A

Structural Protein

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12
Q

Prominent use of such intracellular filament to form

A

microtubules

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13
Q

found especially in the collagen and elastin fibers of connective tissue’ and in blood vessel walls, tendons, ligaments

A

Fibrillar Protein

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14
Q

entirely different type of protein usually composed of combinations of few molecules in tubular-globulin form

A

Functional Protein

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15
Q

Come into direct con with other substance in the cell fluid and catalyze specific intracellular chemical reaction

A

Enzyme

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16
Q

Several types of substance that are grouped together because of common property of being soluble in fat solvent

A

Lipids

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17
Q

2 important lipids, 2% of the Total cell mass

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol

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18
Q

What is the significance of phospholipids and Cholesterol?

A

mainly insoluble in water, use to form cell membrane and intrace membrane barrier

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19
Q

Triglycerides also called as

A

Neutral Fat

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20
Q

In fat cells, triglycerides often account for as much as how many percent

A

95% of the cell mass

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21
Q

have little structural functions in the cell except as part of glycoproteins molecules, play major role in nutrition of the cell

A

Carbohydrates

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22
Q

the average percentage of carbohydrates total mass

A

1%

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23
Q

Carbohydrates total mass in the liver

A

6%

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24
Q

small amount of carbohydrates is stored in the cell in the form of

A

glycogen

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25
small amount of carbohydrates is stored in the cell in the form of
glycogen
26
contains highly organized physical structures in the cell
intracellular organelles
27
controls much of the fluidity of the membrane as well
Cholesterol
28
Two types of cell membrane protein
integral protein and peripheral protein
29
cell membrane protein that protrude all the way through the membrane
Integral Protein
30
cell membrane protein attached only to one surface of the membrane and do not penetrate all the way through
Peripheral Proteins
31
provides structural channels or (pores) through which water molecuand water soluble substance
Integral proteins
32
Act as carrier proteins for transporting substance that otherwise could not penetrate the lipid bilayer
Integral Proteins
33
transport substances in the direction opposite to their electrochemical gradients for diffusion
Active Transport
34
also serves as receptors for water soluble chemicals, such as peptone hormones
Integral membrane proteins
35
Aft as second messenger in the cytoplasm
receptor and Proteins
36
function entirely as enzyme or as controllers of transport of substance through the
cell membrane spores
37
Membrane carbohydrates occur almost invariably in combination with proteins or lipids in form of
glycoproteins or glycolipids
38
mainly carbohydrates substance bound to small protein cores
proteoglycans
39
the entire outside surface of the celloften has a loose carbohydrates coat called
glycocalyx
40
attached to the outer surface of the cell have several important functions
carbohydrates moieties
41
filled with both minute and large dispersed particles and organelles
cytoplasm
42
clear fluid portion of the cytoplasm in which the particles are dispersed is called
cytosol
43
network of tubular and flat vesicular structures, interconnected with another, composed of lipid bilayer
Endoplasmic Reticulum
44
attached to the outer surface of many parts of ER are large number of minute granular particles
Ribosomes
45
Synthesize new protein molecules in the cells
ribosome
46
part of ER that has no attached ribosome, synthesis of lipid substance
Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum
47
prominent im secretory cells where it is located on the side of the cell from which the secretory substance are extruded
Golgi Apparatus
48
Transport vesicles
ER vesicles
49
intracellular digestive systems allows cells to digest amd has 40 different hydrolase enzymes
Lysosomes
50
Formed by self replication, contain oxidase rather that hydrolases
Peroxisomes
51
highly oxidizing substance and is used in association with catalase, another oxidase enzyme present in large quantities in peroxisomes
hydrogen peroxide
52
one of the important functions of many cells is secretion of special chemical substance
secretory vesicles
53
are secreted later through the outer cell membrane in to pancreatic duct and thence in to doudenum
Pro enzyme
54
Power house of the cell, cell would be unable to extract enough energy from nutrients
mitochondria
55
liberated energy is used to synthesize a high energy substance
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
56
basic chemical of the nucleus that controls replication of the cells
DNA
57
outer zone of cytoplasm
ectoplasm
58
Special type of stiff filament composed of polymerized tubilin molecules is used in all cells to construct strong tubular structures
microtubules
59
Control center of the cell and contain large quantities of DNA
NUCLEUS
60
genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called
MITOSIS
61
genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called
MITOSIS
62
genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called
MITOSIS
63
genes first reproduce to give 2 identical sets of genes then splits by species process called
MITOSIS
64
nuclear membrane or also called as
nuclear envelope
65
nuclei of most cell contains one or more highly staining structures
nucleoli
66
essential life giving constituents of the small virues is
nucleic acid
67
involves simple movements through membrane caused by random motion of the molecules of the substance
Diffusion
68
actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane
Active Transport
69
actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane
Active Transport
70
actual carrying of a substance through the membrane by a physical protein structure that penetrates all the way trough membrane
Active Transport
71
Very large particles enters the cell by specialized functions of the cell membrane
Endocytosis
72
means ingestion of minutes particles that form vesicles of extra cellular fluids and particulate constituents inside cytoplasm
pinocytosis
73
Ingestion of large particles, such as bacteria, whole cell, portions of cell degeneration
Phagocytosis
74
receptors generally are concentrated in smal pits on the outer surface of the cell membrane
coated pits
75
beneath this pits is a latticework of fibrillar protein called
clathrins
76
protein contractile filaments
Actin and myosin
77
formed inside the cell cytoplasm which vesicular hydrolases begin hydrolyzing
digestive vesicles
78
represent the indigestible substance
residual body
79
excreted through the cell membrane by process called
exocytosis

physiology chapter 2 (1 decks)

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