Cell and Physiology

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

smallest unit capable of carrying out all life processes

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

Groupings of cells which are specialized for a specific function

Question 3

Basic Tissue Types

Answer 3

-Connective(bone,ligament, blood)
-Muscle
-Nervous(brain, spine)
-Epithelial(layer, protection)

Question 4

Organ

Answer 4

composed of multiple tissue types, organized for a specific function

Question 5

Organ System

Answer 5

groups of organs integrated their function

Question 6

organism

Answer 6

built by organ systems working together

Question 7

Modern Cell Theory

Answer 7

1. organisms are composed of cells and cell products
2. The cell is simplest structural and functional unit of life
3. shape drive function
4. cells come from cells
5. similar in chemical composition and metabolic mechanism

Question 8

Primary responders to implanted materials

Answer 8

-Mechanisms of attachment
-blood coagulation
-Inflammation
-Immune Response

Question 9

Cell Functions

Answer 9

-Supply of new cells
-Secretion of Soluble Factors
-Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins
-Communication
-Phagocytosis
-Organelles regulate any of these processes

Question 10

Size of cells

Answer 10

mamalian cell-10 microm
bacteria cells -1-5 microm

Question 11

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

-Nucleus
-Cytoskeleton
-Mitochondrion
-Golgi Apparatus
-Plasma membrane
-Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Phospholipid membrane

Answer 12

-Compartmentalization
-Protection
-Cell Recognition
-Entry/Exit
-Fluid Mosaic

Question 13

Phospholipid makeup

Answer 13

-hydrophilic head group(nitrogen group)
-phosphate group
-Glycerol
-Hydrophobic Tail(Fatty Acid Tail)

Question 14

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 14

-Protein scaffold to protein support, internal organization, and movement of cell

Question 15

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 15

-Actin Filaments
-Microtubules

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

-Energy from Glucose
-Produce ATP
- Have their DNA
-Ekaryotes

Question 17

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 17

-network of channels
-Communication
-Ribosome
-Protein Transport

Question 18

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

-No ribosomes
-Lipid Transport
-Large Surface Area
-Enzyme attachment

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

Packaging Center-brings everything together
-Polar ends
-Flattened sacs

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

contains specialized disgestive

Question 21

Endosomes

Answer 21

methods of cellular uptake of large proteins and viruses

Question 22

Peroxisomes

Answer 22

Carry out oxidative reactions in animal and plant cells

Question 23

Vacuoles

Answer 23

Fluid-filled vesicles, used as storage sites for water, ions, and nutrients such as glucose

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

Secretory vesicles brought to service and cell products released

Question 25

Endocytosis

Answer 25

Cell brings things in

Question 26

general function of epithelial tissue

Answer 26

protection, transport, secretion, metabolic activities

Question 27

four types of tissue

Answer 27

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 28

epithelial tissue

Answer 28

large sheets of cells covering all surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world and outside or organs. all three germ layers

Question 29

connective tissue

Answer 29

binds cells and organs of body together and functions in protection, support and integration of all parts of the body

Question 30

muscle tissue

Answer 30

excitable, repos ding to stimulation and contracting to movement

Question 31

types of muscle tissue

Answer 31

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

Question 32

nervous tissue

Answer 32

excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

Question 33

apical

Answer 33

free surface of epithelial cel

Question 34

basal surface

Answer 34

close to underlying body structure

Question 35

basement membrane

Answer 35

basal laminate reticular lamina

Question 36

functions of connective tissue

Answer 36

support and connect tissues protection defend transport store surplus energy thermal insulation

Question 37

loose connective tissue

Answer 37

mesh work of thin collagen and elastin fibers with cells, provides tensile strength

Question 38

types of connective tissue

Answer 38

areolar connective tissue adipose connective tissue reticular tissue

Question 39

dense connective tissue

Answer 39

reg dense- densely packed fibers arranged in parallel irreg dense-intertwined array of fibers

Question 40

liquid connective tissue

Answer 40

blood-transport, honeostasis and immunity lymph-transports fats, removes toxins, immune responses

Question 41

nervous tissue classes

Answer 41

neuron and neuroglia

Question 42

blood makeup

Answer 42

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma contains proteins, hormones, nutrients, and ions

Question 43

red blood cells

Answer 43

maintain gas exhange

Question 44

white blood cells

Answer 44

defend the body against infections

Question 45

platelets

Answer 45

hemostasis

Question 46

albumin

Answer 46

blood osmotic pressure and transport

Question 47

globulins

Answer 47

immune response

Question 48

fibrinogen

Answer 48

blood clot formation

Question 49

laminar flow

Answer 49

smooth long vessels

Question 50

turbulent flow

Answer 50

sharp turn, obstruction, high blood flow, sharp flow, rough surface

Question 51

reynolds number

Answer 51

R=inertia forces/ viscous forces measure of turbulence to occur

Question 52

clinical sig

Answer 52

turbulent flow-cardiac murmurs, thrills

Question 53

high shear impact

Answer 53

induce platelet activation, aggregation, blood clottibg