Cell Bio MCQ & sample

Question 1

What structure is common to all plants and animal cells?
- central vacuole
- mitochondrion
- chloroplast
- centriole

Answer 1

Mitochondrion

Question 2

Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?
- The ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm
- The absence of a nucleus
- The volume of the endomembrane system
- The number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm

Answer 2

the ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

Question 3

what is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

it regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus

Question 4

what would disassembly of the nuclear lamina by chemical treatment result in?

Answer 4

a change in the shape of the nucleus

Question 5

which structure is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

Answer 5

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic feature of integral membrane proteins?
- They are hydrophilic
- They are amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region
- They are localized to the interior surface of the membrane
- They are hydrophobic.

Answer 6

They are amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region

Question 7

Which of the following cellular processes includes all of the others?
- passive transport
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis
- transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

Answer 7

passive transport

Question 8

which reaction produces the majority of the carbon dioxide released by the complete oxidation of glucose?

Answer 8

the citric acid cycle

Question 9

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes?
- Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
- Producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole
- Producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
- Producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix

Answer 9

Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

Question 10

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is most likely specialized to carry out which of the following processes?
- Storage of large quantities of water
- Active secretion of large quantities of protein
- Import and export large quantities of protein
- Synthesis of large quantities of lipids

Answer 10

Synthesis of large quantities of lipids

Question 11

Disruption of the function of which of the following organelles would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
- peroxisome
- golgi apparatus
- mitochondria
- lysosome

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following structures is independent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?
- chloroplast
- nuclear envelope
- golgi apparatus
- plasma membrane

Answer 12

chloroplast

Question 13

when peroxisomes in liver cells detoxify alcohol by removing hydrogen atoms, what do they combine them with and what molecule does this form?

Answer 13

with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

Question 14

motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with which cellular structures?

Answer 14

components of the cytoskeleton

Question 15

which of the following molecules is required by cells to assemble cilia or flagella?
- actin
- laminin
- intermediate filaments
- tubulin

Answer 15

tubulin

Question 16

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. Which of the following processes will be unaffected in cells treated with cytochalasin D?
- movement of transport vesicles in the cytosol
- extension of pseudopodia
- contraction of muscle fibers
- cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 16

movement of transport vesicles in the cytosol

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of cytoskeleton structure or function in eukaryotic cells?
- The cytoskeleton is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites
- Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other
- Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell’s response to external stimuli

Answer 17

Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other

Question 18

which structure is part of the endomembrane system?
- centrosome
- mitochondrion
- golgi apparatus
- chloroplast

Answer 18

golgi apparatus

Question 19

which is present in a prokaryotic cell?
- mitochondrion
- nuclear envelope
- chloroplast
- ribosome

Answer 19

ribosome

Question 20

which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
- nerve cell
- muscle cell
- bacterial cell
- phagocytic white blood cell

Answer 20

phagocytic white blood cell

Question 21

beginning with a fertilised egg (zygote), how many cells will be present in the embryo following five rounds of cell division?

Answer 21

32
(2^5)

Question 22

in a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n=8), how many centromeres will be found in a nucleus at G2 of the cell division cycle?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

which of the following events would be be most likely to produce cells with several nuclei?
- multiple S phases without mitosis
- repeated cytokinesis without mitosis
- repeated mitosis without cytokinesis
- repeated mitosis with simultaneous cytokinesis

Answer 23

repeated mitosis without cytokinesis

Question 24

describe how cytokinesis differs between plant and animal cells

Answer 24

Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell wall building blocks on the metaphase plate; animal cells form a cleavage furrow

Question 25

In a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n = 8), how many sister chromatids will be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?

Answer 25

16

Question 26

If there are 24 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?

Answer 26

12

Question 27

If a cell at metaphase of mitosis contains 32 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes will be present in a G1 cell?

Answer 27

16

Question 28

Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most directly affected by a drug that prevents which of the following events? - nuclear envelope breakdown - elongation of microtubules - shortening of microtubules - formation of a cleavage furrow

Answer 28

shortening of microtubules

Question 29

In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes?

Answer 29

anaphase

Question 30

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely ________

Answer 30

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis

Question 31

If all chromosomes are not attached to the mitotic spindle at the M phase checkpoint, the cells would most likely be arrested at which points in the cell division cycle or mitosis?

Answer 31

metaphase

Question 32

Which structure is common to all three domains of life? A. nucleus B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. phospholipid bilayer cell membrane E. endocytotic vesicles

Answer 32

D - bacteria, archaea and eukarya all have a cell membrane

Question 33

Which of the following correctly lists the objects in order from largest to smallest? A. human body, mitochondrion, lipid, frog egg B. frog egg, mitochondrion, lipid, human body C. human body, frog egg, mitochondrion, lipid D. mitochondrion, frog egg, lipid, human body

Answer 33

C lipids are very small ~1 nanometer

Question 34

Where are enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of membrane lipids located? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus C. lysosomes D. Golgi apparatus E. plasma membrane

Answer 34

A - SER is primary site

Question 35

Which of the following statements contributes least to the argument that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. D. The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are circular. E. Both the matrix and stromal spaces of these organelles contain many types of soluble proteins

Answer 35

E - describes a functional feature which is not specific to prokaryote ancestry

Question 36

Taxol, a drug approved for the treatment of breast cancer, prevents depolymerization of microtubules. With what cellular function might Taxol interfere? A. maintaining cell shape B. cell motility (cilia or flagella) C. chromosome movements in cell division D. cell division (cleavage furrow formation) E. cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 36

C - taxol stabilises microtubules, directly interfering with mitotic spindle dynamics, which are crucial for separating chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Question 37

A eukaryotic cell carries out phagocytosis and engulfs a bacterial cell, which ends up in the resulting food vacuole. To go from the cytosol of this bacterial cell to outside of the eukaryotic cell that has taken it in, what is the least number of biological membranes that would have to be crossed? A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 5 E. 3

Answer 37

E - bacterial membrane, phagosome membrane (forms around bacteria during phagocytosis), plasma membrane

Question 38

If you were using compartment-specific stains and found that a stain for the nuclear envelope lightly stained another compartment as well, what would that other compartment be? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondrion C. chloroplast D. peroxisome E. Golgi

Answer 38

A - nuclear envelope is continuous with ER, particularly the RER

Question 39

If you were studying mutant cells and found that many proteins are going to the wrong compartments in these cells, where is the mutation having the greatest effect? A. nuclear envelope B. endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. peroxisome E. mitochondrion

Answer 39

C - Golgi apparatus is the central sorting and distribution center for proteins in eukaryotes