Cell Bio review

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

cells from the same kind that perform a shared function

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

tissues combined together

Question 3

Organ System

Answer 3

organs serving a common physiological function

Question 4

Cell theory

Answer 4

All living organisms are composed of one of more cells, the cells are the basic unit of all life and new cells arise from existing cells

Question 5

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Answer 5

Prokaryotes: no nucleus
Eukaryotes: true nucleus

Question 6

Components of a cell

Answer 6

Cell boundaries, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 7

Plasma Membrance

Answer 7

Cell boundary, control transport of molecules, cell contact

• phospholipid bilayer with hydrobic tail and hydrophyllic head
• peripheral and integral proteins
• aquaporins (bidirectional channels that allow water to pass.
• carbohydrates for cell recognition

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

entire space between the plasma membrane and nucleus containing all cellular organelles

Question 9

cytosol

Answer 9

the liquid/gel environment in which organelles are suspended

Question 10

Double membrane bound cell organelles

Answer 10

Nucleus and mitochondria

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

preserves genetic information

-contains nucleolus that aggregates rRNA with proteins to make ribosomes

Question 12

Mitochondira

Answer 12

the only organelle with its own DNA (mtDNA)

-site for oxidative phosphorylation that provides energy/ATP

Question 13

Single membrane bound cell organelles

Answer 13

ER,golgi, lysosomes and peroxisomes

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

rough has ribosomes and smooth does not.

function: protein modification and lipid synthesis

Question 15

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 15

cis face and trans face (cis faces ER)

function: sorting, pakcing, and tagging of proteins and lipids

Question 16

Lysosomes

Answer 16

ACIDIC PH

function: breakdown waste material and cellular debris

Question 17

Peroxisomes

Answer 17

breakdown of molecules by oxidative reactions

-uric acid, amino acid, fatty acid

Question 18

None membrane bound organelles

Answer 18

cytoskeleton, centrioles, ribosomes

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

large and small sub units

function: synthesis of polypeptide chain

Question 20

Centrosome

Answer 20

participates in pulling the chromosomes apart toward the two opposite cell poles during cell division

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

intermedite and microfilaments

function: structural role and rigid shape

Question 22

Cilia

Answer 22

Many small that moves fluids passed surface

Question 23

Flagellum

Answer 23

1 big that moves the cell by wiggling (only sperm in human)

Question 24

Vesicles

Answer 24

Membrane bound sacs that function in storage, transport, endo and pinocytosis

Question 25

Extra Cellular Matrix of Animal Cells

Answer 25

complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that function to hold the cell together and allow the cell to communicate with each other

Question 26

Tight Junctions

Answer 26

water tight connection between two animal cells. Proteins: claudins and occludins Functions: prevent material from leaking between cells and found in endothelial cells

Question 27

Desmosomes/ adhering junctions

Answer 27

Forms a very strong spot weld between cells Proteins: Cadherins and intermediate filaments Functions: join two adjacent cells and maintain the cells in a sheet like formation to enable stretching

Question 28

Gap Junctions

Answer 28

Protein lined pore that allows water and small molecules to pass between cells Functions: transport of ions and nutrients, allows cells to communicate

Question 29

Retina Cells

Answer 29

Photoreceptor cells cilia for containing photosensitive compounds in a disk/sac rods and cones Rhodopsin (opsin and retinal) changes retinal configuration respond to specific wavelengths