Cell Biology Flashcards
Name the structure of an animal cell and what they do
Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus - controls the cells activities
Cytoplasm - contains enzymes
Mitochondria - produces energy
Ribosomes - produces protein
Name the structure of a plant cell and what they do
Cell wall - provides protection
Vacuole - maintains the cells water balance
Nucleus - controls the cell activity’s
Ribosomes - produces protein
Chloroplast - absorbs light for photosynthesis
Cytoplasm - responsible for giving the cell its shape
Name the two types of microscopes
Electron and Light
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a light microscope
Advantages -
- not expensive
- Relatively small
- The original colour of the specimen can be viewed
- not much experience is needed to set it up
Disadvantages -
- don’t magnify as far as an electron microscope
- has lower resolution
- cannot operate in darkness
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electron microscope
Advantages-
- has a greater magnification
- has a greater resolution
- can operate in the dark
Disadvantages-
- very expensive
- very big
- needs maintenance
- needs experience to use
Say what you know about Specialised cells
- Specialised cells make tissue which makes up organs and organ systems which make up our body
- nerve cells, reproductive cells and blood cells are specialised cells
- they have structures that are adapted for the function
Say what you know about DNA
- DNA is a polymer made of two strands forming a DOUBLE HELIX
- DNA is stored in structures called chromosomes
- a gene is a small section of DNA in a chromosomes
Say what you know about transportation of cells
- It’s the movement of materials across the cell membrane
- it includes active and passive transportation
- Active transportation needs energy but passive doesn’t
Say what you know about stem cells
- Cells at the early stages in the development of the embryo are stem cells
- they can differentiate into any types of cell
