Cell Biology

Question 1

Eukaryotes cell

Answer 1

Animal + Plant Cell

Question 2

Prokaryotes cell

Answer 2

Bacteria Cell

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains genetic material/DNA and controls the cells activities

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Site of aerobic respiration so they release energy for the cell.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Where proteins are made

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Made of cellulose. This makes it strong and allows it to maintain the shape of the cell.

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

A large sac in the middle of the cell that contains a watery solution of sugars and salts (cell sap). It helps maintain the structure and shape of the cell.

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Photosynthesis takes place with energy from the sun. Contains a green pigment chlorophyll absorbs light energy to help with photosynthesis

Question 11

Object

Answer 11

The real sample you are looking at

Question 12

Image

Answer 12

What you see when you look down a microscope

Question 13

Magnification

Answer 13

How many times larger the image is than the object

Question 14

Resolution

Answer 14

The measure on how detailed an image is.

Question 15

Name 3 advantages of a light microscope

Answer 15

1. Easy to use
2. Relatively cheap
3. Rely on Light

Question 16

Name 3 advantages of an electron microscope

Answer 16

1. Uses electrons
2. 2000x better than a light microscope
3. Higher resolution

Question 17

What are 3 reasons new cells are required?

Answer 17

1. Growth
2. Development
3. Repair

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

Makes identical copies to help you grow

Question 19

Cytokinesis

Answer 19

Splitting of cell membrane

Question 20

What do stem cells do?

Answer 20

1. Stem cells divide by mitosis to form more cells.
2. Stems cells are able to differentiate into specialised cells.

Question 21

What is a sperm and egg cell called?

Answer 21

Zygote

Question 22

Where do you find adult stem cells?

Answer 22

Bone marrow

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

Diffusion is the net movement of a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 24

3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 24

1. Concentration gradient
2. Temperature
3. Surface area

Question 25

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 25

Specialised cells have a specific role in the body to help fulfil that role they have

Question 26

What is differentiation?

Answer 26

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised.

Question 27

How is a sperm cell adapter for its role?

Answer 27

1. Has a lot of mitochondria to provide energy for movement. 2. It has a flagellum to allow it to swim to reach the egg. 3. It has a head for the nucleus which carries genetic information.

Question 28

Different kind of stem cells

Answer 28

Embryonic - Can differentiate into any type of specialised cell Adult stem cells - Found in the bone marrow, can only differentiate into different types of blood cells

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

The net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 30

Cell cycle

Answer 30

1. Cell starts to divide 2. Chromosomes make copies 3. Chromosomes line up in the centre 4. Spindle fibres pull chromosomes apart 5. Cytokines ( cell membrane starts to divide.) 6. Daughter cells are made

Question 31

Pros and Cons of an Adult Stem Cell

Answer 31

1. Taken from patient 2. Won’t cause rejection to the body 1. Can only differentiate into different types of blood cells 2. Stem cells can be limited when you get older

Question 32

Pros and cons of an embryonic stem cell

Answer 32

1. Can differentiate into all types of cells 2. More efficient 1. Limited supply 2. Some ethical issues (people believe that kills the embryo) 3. Different genomes to patient 4. Doesn’t always work 5. Tries to destroy the stem cell as it defines them as foreign.

Question 33

What blood does the blood pump in the RHS?

Answer 33

Deoxygenated blood

Question 34

What blood does the LHS pump?

Answer 34

Oxygenated blood.

Question 35

Why does the left ventricle have a thick wall?

Answer 35

It pumps blood to the whole body - high pressure

Question 36

Coronary heart disease

Answer 36

1. Causes heart failure 2. Faulty valves 3. Heart attacks

Question 37

Pros and cons of stents in the heart

Answer 37

1. Surgery is quick 2. Lasts a long time 1. Patient will have a blood clot 2. Heart attacks

Question 38

Enzymes

Answer 38

Biological catalysts that speed up reactions without getting used up.

Question 39

Capillary

Answer 39

Carries blood to and from the body’s cells.

Question 40

Why is there high pressure in arteries?

Answer 40

It’s coming straight from the heart and quickly.

Question 41

Platelets

Answer 41

Disc like structure, they help form blood clots to slow or stop bleeding and to help wounds heal.

Question 42

Why does the red blood cell have no nucleus?

Answer 42

Carry more oxygen for space and to carry out more haemoglobin (iron.)

Question 43

Red blood cell

Answer 43

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cell where is used in respiration.

Question 44

White Blood Cell

Answer 44

Protecting the body against infections.

Question 45

2 types of White Blood Cells

Answer 45

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 46

Magnification of a microscope

Answer 46

Image = magnification x actual size

Question 47

Layers of the arteries

Answer 47

Elastic fibres and muscles Fibrous layer Endothelium

Question 48

Give two differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 48

Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not. Plants cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not.