CELL BIOLOGY

Question 1

What is a cell

Answer 1

A cell is the basic unit of structure & function in a living organism

Question 2

Who discovered cell and what year

Answer 2

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 3

Who put forward the cell theory

Answer 3

Matthias schleiden & theodor schwann(1838 & 1839)

Question 4

Components of cell theory

Answer 4

All living organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting ones
Cells are the structural unit in living things

(Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular
There is no life apart from that of cells)

Question 5

What is the protoplasm composed of

Answer 5

Cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 6

What is the living part of the cell

Answer 6

Protoplasm

Question 7

Where are organelles and cellular inclusions found

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

What is the largest and most prominent cell in eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Cell membrane is made up of

Answer 9

Phospholipids bi-layer and proteins embedded in them

Question 10

What are the functions of the cell membrane

Answer 10

It controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell
It protects the internal structures of the cell
It gives support to the cell and maintains its shape
It serves as a barrier between the interior and exterior of a cell
It enables the formation of distinct organelles in the cell

Question 11

What is the interior space of the mitochondria called

Answer 11

Cisterna

Question 12

How is the cristae in mitochondria formed

Answer 12

It is formed by the folds of its inner membrane

Question 13

What are the compositions of the cell wall

Answer 13

Cellulose, wax and gelatinous materials

Question 14

In what part of the cell can lignin be found

Answer 14

Cell wall of old plants

Question 15

What part of the cell does metabolic reaction take place

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

Rough Endoplasmic recticulum is involved in

Answer 16

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Smooth endoplasmic recticulum is involved in

Answer 17

Fat synthesis

Question 18

Why is rough E.R involved in protein synthesis

Answer 18

It has ribosomes attached to its membrane

Question 19

What special secretions does golgi body secrete

Answer 19

Gland cells

Question 20

Glyco-proteins are produced by what organelle

Answer 20

Golgi body

Question 21

What are ribosomes composed of

Answer 21

Protein and RNA

Question 22

What organelle produces lysosomes

Answer 22

Golgi body

Question 23

What do the enzymes contained in the lysosome do

Answer 23

They split complex chemical substances into simpler substances

Question 24

What is the granular interior of a centrosome called

Answer 24

Centriole

Question 25

The centrosome is surrounded by an area of condensed cytoplasm called

Answer 25

Centrosphere

Question 26

What forms the spindle during nuclear division

Answer 26

Centrosome

Question 27

What plastic does not contain pigment and what is it's function

Answer 27

Leucoplast, it is used to store starch

Question 28

Where are leucoplasts mostly found

Answer 28

Storage cells of roots and underground stems

Question 29

What are the types of leucoplast

Answer 29

Amyloplast and elactoplast

Question 30

The colours of chromoplasts ranges from

Answer 30

Red to orange to yellow

Question 31

Where are chromoplasts mainly found

Answer 31

In petals of flowers and fruits

Question 32

What are the types of chromoplast and their respective pigments

Answer 32

Xantophyll - yellow Carotene - red-orange

Question 33

Which of the plastids has green pigment and what is its function

Answer 33

Chloroplast They are used to manufacture food(photosynthesis)

Question 34

What are the examples of chloroplast and their ratio of arrangement

Answer 34

Chlorophyll A and B (3:1)

Question 35

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 35

Nuclear membrane

Question 36

How do materials move to and from the nucleus

Answer 36

Through the pores in the nuclear membrane

Question 37

What part of the nucleus stores RNA

Answer 37

Nucleoli

Question 38

What are the functions of the nucleus

Answer 38

It controls physiological activities It governs transmission of hereditary characters

Question 39

What are the types of locomotory organelles

Answer 39

Cilia, pseudopodia, flagella

Question 40

What is a vacuole

Answer 40

It's a fluid cell sap composed of water and dissolved materials

Question 41

What are the functions of the vacuole

Answer 41

They store food materials in plant cell They serve as deposit for nucleic materials They help to maintain cell turgidity

Question 42

What organelles are found in plant cells only

Answer 42

Cell wall, chloroplast

Question 43

What organelle is found in animal cells only

Answer 43

Centriole

Question 44

What are the two types of cell division and where do they take place

Answer 44

Mitosis - all parts of the body Meiosis - reproductive organs

Question 45

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 45

Mitosis requires 1 nuclear division, meiosis requires 2 Mitosis results in growth and development, meiosis results in production of sperm and egg Mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells, meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells The daughters cells in mitosis are genetically similar to each other and the parent cell, in meiosis they are not

Question 46

The types of cells that continue to divide when adulthood is reached include

Answer 46

Blood cells, skin cells, bone cells

Question 47

What is a cell cycle

Answer 47

It is a repeating sequence of events in eukaryotic cells that involves cell growth and nuclear division

Question 48

Mitotic division is divided into

Answer 48

Mitosis - (division of the nucleus) Cytokinesis - (division of the cytoplasm)

Question 49

What are the stages of mitosis

Answer 49

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 50

What stage of cell cycle is the longest

Answer 50

Interphase

Question 51

What are pluripotent cells

Answer 51

They are cells that can differentiate to all cell types in an adult

Question 52

What are totipotent cells

Answer 52

They are cells that can differentiate to all cell types including embryonic and adult

Question 53

What are multipotent cells

Answer 53

They are cells that can differentiate into different cells within a lineage

Question 54

What is the potency of a cell based on

Answer 54

It's based on the number of cells it can differentiate into