Cell biology

Question 1

What does a nucleus do

Answer 1

Controls the cell and contains genetic information

Question 2

What happens in the cytoplasm

Answer 2

Chemical reactions

Question 3

What’s the purpose of a cell membrane

Answer 3

Controls what enters and exits the cell and creates the shape of the cell.

Question 4

Describe vacuole

Answer 4

Helps to support cell , contains cell sap

Question 5

Tell me 2 things about chloroplasts

Answer 5

Contains chlorophyll, absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 6

Cell walls , what do you know?

Answer 6

If you said filled with cellulose and supports the cell… good job

Question 7

List what an animal cell contains

Answer 7

Cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 8

Function of a ribosome?

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Question 9

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration

Question 10

List what a plant cell contains

Answer 10

Nucleus, vacuole , mitochondria, chloroplast, cell membrane , cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes.

Question 11

What does a fungal cell contain

Answer 11

Cytoplasm , cell membrane , cell wall , mitochondria, vacuole ,ribosomes.

Question 12

True of false
The cell wall in a fungal cell is made of cellulose ?

Answer 12

False .

Question 13

What is in a bacterial cell

Answer 13

Cell membrane, plasmid , circular bacterial chromosome, cytoplasm, cell wall, ribosome.

Question 14

What does a bacterial cell have that none of the others have?

Answer 14

Plasmid

Question 15

What does the cell membrane consist of?

Answer 15

Proteins and phospholipids

Question 16

True of false
Passive transport requires energy

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or false
The cell membrane is selectively permeable

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or false
During diffusion glucose moves in the cell, oxygen moves in, carbon dioxide moves out

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What would happen if a plant cell was placed into pure water?

Answer 19

Become turgid

Question 20

What would happen if a plant cell was placed in high concentration of sucrose?

Answer 20

Plasmolysed

Question 21

What happens to a animal cell in pure water?

Answer 21

Bursts , as it has no cell wall for support.

Question 22

What happens to an animal cell in high concentration of sucrose?

Answer 22

Cell shrinks as water moves out of the cell

Question 23

Describe dna

Answer 23

Double stranded helix held by complementary base pairs.

DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins.

Question 24

What determines amino acid sequence in a a protein

Answer 24

Order of bases

Question 25

What’s a gene

Answer 25

Section of dna which codes for a protein

Question 26

Tell me about mRna

Answer 26

-the molecule which carries a complementary copy of genetic code from the dna in the nucleus. - then to the ribosome where the proteins are assembled from amino acids.

Question 27

What are proteins?

Answer 27

-long chains of amino acids. - order of them detrimental the type of protein made. -

Question 28

Name protiens

Answer 28

Structural , hormones , antibodies, receptors , enzymes (SHARE)

Question 29

Function of structural

Answer 29

Gives support to cellular structures like membranes.

Question 30

Function of hormones

Answer 30

Chemical messengers that carry specific messages through bloodstreams.

Question 31

Function of antibodies

Answer 31

Made by white blood cells o protect body from disease.

Question 32

Function of receptors

Answer 32

Proteins that allow cells to recognise specific substances

Question 33

Function of enzymes

Answer 33

Speed up chemical reactions in the cell and remain unchanged at the end.

Question 34

Enzyme controlled reaction example. Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 34

Hydrogen peroxide - catalase - water + oxygen

Question 35

Enzymes structure

Answer 35

Enzymes have an active site. The active site shape is complementary to its specific substrate.

Question 36

Degradation reaction

Answer 36

Starch ( substrate) - amylase (enzyme) - maltose (product)

Question 37

Synthesis reaction

Answer 37

Glucose -1- phosphate ( substrate) - phosphorylase ( enzyme ) - starch (product)

Question 38

When is an enzyme most active

Answer 38

Optimum conditions

Question 39

Two factions that effect enzyme activity

Answer 39

Temperature, PH

Question 40

Describe what happens to an enzyme at very high temperatures

Answer 40

Active site changes shape so the substrate can no longer bind. ( denatured )

Question 41

Stages of genetic engineering

Answer 41

1- identify dna that contains required gene . 2. Extract required gene. 3.extract plasmid from bacterial cell. 4.insert required gene into bacterial plasmid. 5.instead plasmid into host bacterial cell.

Question 42

What is the energy realised from the breakdown of glucose used to generate?

Answer 42

ATP

Question 43

Stage 1 of respiration

Answer 43

1. Breakdown of glucose, Glucose broken down into two pyruvate producing 2 ATP.

Question 44

Stage 2 of respiration

Answer 44

2. Further breakdown of pyruvate depends on wether oxygen is present on not.

Question 45

Does stage 1 of respiration require oxygen

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Where does the first stage of respiration take place

Answer 46

Cytoplasm

Question 47

Where does stage 2 respiration take place?

Answer 47

Mitochondria

Question 48

True or false In animal cells the absence of oxygen and glucose is broken into pyruvate and lactate

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

True or false In plants cells the absence of glucose and oxygen are broken into carbon dioxide and ethanol

Answer 49

TRUE