cell biology

Question 1

what is the size range of an animal cell

Answer 1

0.01 mm - 0.05 mm

Question 2

what is the size range of plant cells

Answer 2

0.01 mm - 0.1 mm

Question 3

what unit is this - µm

Answer 3

micro metre

Question 4

what unit is this - nm

Answer 4

nanometre

Question 5

one µm =

Answer 5

1000 nm

Question 6

1 nm=

Answer 6

0.001 µm

Question 7

1mm =

Answer 7

1000 µm

Question 8

what is the type of microscope used typically in a school and define it

Answer 8

. a compound microscope
. uses two lenses
, the objective lens and the eyepiece

Question 9

why would someone want to use an electron microscope rather than a light microscope

Answer 9

it has a lower resolution than the electron microscope

Question 10

name the features of an animal cell

Answer 10

1- cytoplasm
2- nucleus
3- ribosomes
4- mitochondrion
5- cell membrane

Question 11

would a mitochondria be visible under a light microscope

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

define mitochondria

Answer 12

structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 13

define ribosomes

Answer 13

the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

what is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 14

a jelly like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and organelles. t is where many of the chemical reactions happen

Question 15

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 15

contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cells activities

Question 16

what is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 16

it’s structure is permeable to some substances, but not to others. it therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 17

what is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 17

organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

Question 18

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 18

tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs

Question 19

name the features of a plant cell

Answer 19

-cytoplasm
- nucleus
-ribosomes
- vacuole
- mitochondrion
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- chloroplast

Question 20

what is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 20

organelles that contain green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
contains the enzymes for photosynthesis

Question 21

what is the function of the cell wall

Answer 21

made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant

Question 22

what is the function of the permanent vacuole

Answer 22

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 23

could and animal cell have a vacuole?

Answer 23

yes - but these are small, and temporary, in animals they are commonly used to store or transport substances

Question 24

what is an eyepiece graticule and why would it be used

Answer 24

a glass or plastic disc fitted into the eyepiece of a microscope, and it has a scale ruled on it and is used to estimate the size of a specimen when viewed with a microscope

Question 25

what device is used to calibrate the eyepiece graticule

Answer 25

a stage micrometer

Question 26

define a prokaryotic cell

Answer 26

a simple cell that does not have a nucleus - the DNA is free in the cytoplasm

Question 27

does a prokaryotic cell have a nucleus

Answer 27

no

Question 28

does a eukaryotic cell have a nucleus

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

define eukaryotic cells

Answer 29

a type of cell that has a nucleus

Question 30

compare the sizes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 30

e - most are 5 - 100 micrometres p - most are 0.2 - 2.0 micrometres

Question 31

compare the outer layers of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 31

e- cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi p - cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall

Question 32

compare the cell contents of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 32

e- cytoplasm, cell organelles - mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants and ribosomes p - cytoplasm, ribosomes, no mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 33

compare genetic material in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 33

e - DNA in nucleus , plasmids are found in a few organisms p - DNA is a single molecule found free in the cytoplasm, additional DNA is found in one of more plasmids

Question 34

compare type of cell division between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 34

e - mitosis p- binary fission