Cell biology

Question 1

What are examples of eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Plants and animals

Question 2

What is the name of an organism that are made from more than one cell?

Answer 2

Multicellular

Question 3

What is the example of a prokaryote?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 3

What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell doesn’t?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

The genetic information found in all living organisms

Question 4

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

Where do prokaryotic cells keep their DNA?

Answer 5

.A single loop of DNA free in the cytoplasm
.Small rings of DNA called plasmid

Question 6

What are smaller prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic

Question 7

What is the size of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

1-10um

Question 8

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

A single cell organism that does not contain a nucleus

Question 9

What came first eukaryote or prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Prokaryote

Question 10

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

To make protein

Question 11

How are red blood cells adapted?

Answer 11

.They have a buyer concave shape which allows them to absorb oxygen more quickly.
.Have no nucleus, which means they can absorb more oxygen

Question 12

How are sperm cells adapted?

Answer 12

.They have a large number of mitochondria to release energy from glucose during respiration
.They have a tail so that they can swim

Question 12

How are muscle cells adapted?

Answer 12

.They can relax and contract.
.They have a large number of mitochondria as muscle contraction requires a lot of energy.

Question 13

How root hair cells adapted?

Answer 13

.They have a large surface area to absorb more water and minerals

Question 14

How are xylem adapted?

Answer 14

.They have reinforced side walls to support the weight of the plant
.Hollow middle for transport

Question 15

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

The process after generalised cells are formed and become a specialised as an organ develops.

Question 16

What is the eyepiece lens?

Answer 16

The lens you look through

Question 17

What does the eyepiece lens magnification go up to?

Answer 17

x10

Question 18

What is the objective lens?

Answer 18

The lens in front of the slide. There are 3 to choose from

Question 19

What are the 3 magnifications on the objective lens?

Answer 19

x5, x10, x25

Question 20

What is the stage?

Answer 20

Holds the sample using 2 clips

Question 21

Which is the bigger knob the coarse focus or the fine focus?

Answer 21

Coarse

Question 21

What does the mirror do on a microscope?

Answer 21

Reflects the light up through the specimen

Question 22

What does the coarse focus do?

Answer 22

Quickly moves the stage up and down

Question 23

What does the fine focus do?

Answer 23

Sensitivity moves the stage up and down

Question 24

What is the equation of total magnification?

Answer 24

Magnification of eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens

Question 25

What does an electron microscope do?

Answer 25

Uses electron beams in place of light to give a higher magnification

Question 26

What are benefits of electron microscopes?

Answer 26

.Can have significantly higher magnifications .greater resolution

Question 27

How do you work out the actual size of an object?

Answer 27

Size of image/magnification

Question 28

What is a gamete?

Answer 28

Sex cells

Question 29

What is a haploid?

Answer 29

A gametes unpaired set of chromosomes

Question 30

What is a diploid?

Answer 30

When gametes chromosomes join in a pair

Question 31

What are alleles?

Answer 31

Two versions of the same gene, one from your mother and the other from your father.

Question 32

What is a organelle?

Answer 32

A part of a cell with a specific function

Question 33

What are chromosomes?

Answer 33

A structure containing DNA, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 34

How meany chromosomes are in a human body cell?

Answer 34

46

Question 35

What do mitochondria do?

Answer 35

Respiration

Question 36

How meany chromosomes are in a gamete?

Answer 36

23

Question 37

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 37

Double helix

Question 38

What is a gene?

Answer 38

.A short section of DNA .contains the instructions to make a protein molecule

Question 39

What are the pairs for the DNA code?

Answer 39

A - T C - G

Question 40

What are DNA codes made from?

Answer 40

Amino acid chains

Question 41

What sex is XX individual?

Answer 41

Female

Question 42

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 42

1.interphase 2.mitosis 3.cytokinesis

Question 43

What sex is XY indevidual?

Answer 43

Male

Question 44

What is a stem cell?

Answer 44

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell

Question 44

What does a steeper concentration gradient mean?

Answer 44

The bigger the difference in the number of particles between an area of high concentration and an area of low concentration

Question 45

What is active transport?

Answer 45

The net movement of particles form an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy

Question 46

What is diffusion?

Answer 46

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 47

Where does active transport occur?

Answer 47

Small Intestine

Question 47

What is osmosis?

Answer 47

The net diffusion of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water across a partially permeable membrane

Question 48

What do adult stem cells (stem cells) do?

Answer 48

They grow in specific areas of the body and repair the body once it is injured. They can only develop into the type of cell found in that location

Question 48

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 48

The stem cells that were present between 1 and 9 weeks old (in the womb)

Question 49

What do the embryonic stem cells do?

Answer 49

They can grow into any specialised cell found in the adult organism (it cannot change back)

Question 50

What are the steps of mitosis?

Answer 50

1.The membrane around the nucleus disappears and the chromosomes shorten and flatten 2.The chromosomes have copied themselves and are with its pair 3.The chromosomes and their copies, then migrate to the middle of each cell. 4. The chromosomes and their copies split apart the chromosomes are pulled to one side of the cell and the copies to the other. 5. The cell membrane then starts to pinch inwards and eventually touch the other side and split the two identical cells.

Question 51

What are daughter cells?

Answer 51

The cells produced during mitosis

Question 52

What is chromatid?

Answer 52

A copy of a chromosome during cell devision (one half of the chromosome)

Question 53

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 53

The final part of the cell cycle (after mitosis), in which a cell splits into two

Question 54

What is the interphase of the cell cycle?

Answer 54

The active life of a cell during which the cell prepares for mitosis