Cell Biology

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

Coined the term “cell”

Question 2

Leewenhoek

Answer 2

“father of microbiology” due to his groundbreaking work with microscopes and his discoveries of microorganisms. He was the first to observe and describe these tiny living things, including bacteria and sperm, and his work significantly advanced our understanding of the microscopic world

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

the process where an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

a type of cell that lacks a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

a type of cell that contains a true nucleus, where its genetic material (DNA) is enclosed within a membrane-bound structure

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

specialized, membrane-bound structures within a cell that perform specific functions

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell, acting as a selective gatekeeper.

Question 8

Nucleus+Nucleolus

Answer 8

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell’s genetic material (DNA). It controls gene expression and mediates DNA replication. The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is responsible for producing and assembling ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

the gel-like fluid that fills the space between the organelles within a cell’s cytoplasm

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

a complex network of membranes within eukaryotic cells, serving as a crucial site for protein and lipid synthesis, folding, and transport

Question 11

Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

a crucial organelle in eukaryotic cells, acting as a packaging and processing center for proteins and lipids

Question 12

Vacuoles

Answer 12

membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells that function as storage compartments, regulating turgor pressure, and contributing to cell growth and waste management

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

plant organelles responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

“Powerhouse”, produces chemical energy to charge reactions in cells

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Structure, helps maintain shape and internal organization