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MCB 104 > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Resolution

A

Distance by which two closely spaced objects can be distinguished

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2
Q

GFP

A

Green Fluorescent Protein
From A. victoria
Gene and protein can be expressed harmlessly in most organisms

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3
Q

Amphipathic

A

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Ie. sphingolipids
Phospholipids

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4
Q

Spontaneous bilayers

A 
Due to shape and amphipathic nature 
Free energy (delta G) is reduced when fatty acids interact w each other to exclude water
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5
Q

Microfilaments

A

Cell shape, movement, adhesion, division, intracellular transport
Dynamic
Actin
7-9nm

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6
Q

Microtubules

A

Cell shape, movement, adhesion, division, intracellular transport
Alpha/beta-tubulin dimer
25nm

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7
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Shape
Adhesion
Static

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8
Q

Nucleating protein

A

Arp2/3

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9
Q

Monomer sequestering protein

A

Thymosin-B4

Profilin

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10
Q

Severing protein

A

Cofilin

Maintains high [local] of monomer

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11
Q

Stathmin

A

binds tubulin subunits to prevent assembly

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12
Q

Gamma-TuRc

A

nucleates tubulin assembly

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13
Q

+TIPs

A

attach to + end of MT, can link to structures

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14
Q

Kinesin-13

A

catastrophic disassembly @ (+) end of MT

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15
Q

Kinesin-1

A

(+) end directed

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16
Q

Kinesin-14

A

(-) end directed

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17
Q

Dyenin

A

(-) end directed

moves cargo, organelle positioning

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18
Q

Phalloidin

A

Binds to F-actin, stabilizes

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19
Q

Latrunculin

Cytochalasin

A

Depolymerizes actin

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20
Q

Taxol

A

Binds MT and stabilizes

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21
Q

Nocodazol

Colchicine

A

Depolymerizes MT

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22
Q

Cohesin

A

tethers sister chromatids until anaphase

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23
Q

Condensin complex

A

Drives folding of chromatin

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24
Q

Centromere

A

chromosomal region where kinetochore assembles

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25
APC
Anaphase Promoting Complex
26
Separase
Protease that cleaves cohesin
27
Contractile ring
Actin and myosin | Activated by Rho
28
Rho
Activated actin and myosin in contractile ring
29
cdc genes
Mutant --> cell division defective | cdc28 --> entrance to S
30
cdc genes
Mutant --> cell division defective | cdc28 --> entrance to S, =CDK1
31
Sea urchin eggs
Cyclin prot | SDS-PAGE shows graded accumulation
32
MPF
M-phase Promoting Factor | sufficient to drive frog oocytes into M
33
p53
tumor suppressor gene response to damaged DNA incr translation of p21
34
p21
CDK inhib prot
35
Signal hypothesis
15-60 aa = zip code primary sequence recog by cellular machinery Necessary and Sufficient
36
NLS
Nuclear Localization Signal
37
NPC
Nuclear Pore Complex
38
Ran
small GTPase switch prot
39
RanGEF
bound to chromatin in nucleus | Activates Ran in nucleus
40
RanGAP
In cyto | Inactivates Ran in cyto
41
Small GTPases
Cellular switches | Active when bound to GTP
42
GAP
GTPase activating prot | Turns GTPase off
43
GEF
GTPase Exchange Factor | turns GTPase on
44
Importin
recog and bind NLS Captured by NPC RanGTP releases import cargos and promotes exit cargo binding by complexing w Exportin
45
Exportin
Recog NES
46
NES
Nuclear Export Signal
47
SRP
Signal Recognition Particle | Binds signal seq and then binds to receptor on ER
48
Signal peptidase
cleaves signal seq after translation into ER lumen
49
ERAD
ER Associated Degradation
50
Unfolded Protein Response
Incr transcr of chaperones ER expansion Decr transl Helps adjust to stress, can be apoptotic
51
Sec1 mutant
Accumulate secretory vesicles that can't fuse with PM
52
Sar1
GTPase
53
Sec12
GEF
54
Sec23/24
coat
55
Rab
Small GTPase func as zipcode | Mediates tethering of SNARES
56
v-SNARE
vesicle prot | induces fusion w Rab
57
t-SNARE
target mem prot | induces fusion w Rab
58
Endocrine
signalling molec released from site distant from target | Eg. Insulin
59
Paracrine
Signalling molec targets nearby cells
60
Autocrine
Cell signals to itself
61
Contact-dependent signalling
signal only transmits to cells directly adjacent | Imp during development and differentiation
62
GPCR
G-prot Coupled Receptor Gprot: Alpha/Beta-gamma subunits GDP-bound = inactive GTP-bound=active
63
Second messengers
PLC, Adenyl cyclase, PDE
64
Generation of cAMP
Glycogen breakdown>GTP-Galpha activ Adenylate cyclase--> generated cAMP from ATP--> activates PKA--> phosphor prot subtrates
65
Activation of phospholipase C (PLC)
GTP-Galpha activates phospholiapseC--> cleaves PIP2 into diaglycerol and IP3-->IP3 causes Ca2+ release from ER-->DAG and Ca2+ activate PKC to phosphor prot
66
NGF
Nerve Growth Factor Salivary glands of mice Makes eyes open sooner and teeth sprout faster
67
EGF
Epidermal Growth Factor | Mitogenic
68
Mitogenic
Stimulates accel of cell cycle
69
IGF1
Allele resp for size variation in dogs
70
RTK
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | Growth, prolif and/or survival
71
Grb2
``` Adaptor prot Contains SH2 (binds Y-Pi) and SH3 (binds SOS) ```
72
SOS
GEF for Ras | Cytosolic
73
Ras
GTPase-binding switch In PM Activates Raf
74
Raf
``` Cytosolic prot kinase Potent oncogene Stim cell proliferation Activated by Ras MAPKKK ```
75
MEK
MAPKK phosphor other prot, some transcr factors Promotes nuclear import
76
PI3-Kinase
Mem associated lipid kinase | Stim cell survival and growth via mem recruitment of ATK kinase
77
RTK Pathway
Ligand -->RTK -->Grb2/SOS --> Ras --> Raf -->MEK (MAPKKK/MAPKK) casacde --> MAPK --> nucleus (transcription factor)
78
Tight Junctions
Seal and reg diffusion Claudins and Occlaudins Maintains [solute]
79
Adherens Junction
Apical end of lateral surface | Anchors actin filaments
80
Gap Junctions
Allow small molec to pass Electrical coupling, metabolic coupling, signaling molec Connexins
81
Claudins | Occlaudins
In Tight Junctions tightly associated Mem potential Selective diffusion of ions
82
Connexins
Gap Junctions | TM
83
Focal Adhesions
Cemented to ECM Basal surface Coupled to actin cytoskeleton
84
Cadherin
Homophilic interaction ECD: binds Ca2+ TM: single ICD: binds catenins, needs C terminal
85
Catenin
mediates binding to actin filaments
86
Integrins
Heterophillic Bind laminin, collagen, fibronectin in ECM Binds Talin in cyto to attach to actin filaments
87
Talin
Binds "tail" of integrin | Mediates Actin binding
88
Convergent extension
cells move toward midline, intercalate and then extend along anterior-posterior axis

MCB 104 (3 decks)

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