Cell Biology

Question 1

What enzyme is used to cut open DNA?

Answer 1

Endonuclease (scissors)

Question 2

What enzyme is used to ‘glue’ DNS back together?

Answer 2

Ligase

Question 3

What can effect the rate of active transport?

Answer 3

Glucose concentration
Oxygen concentration
Temperature

Question 4

What is respiration?

Answer 4

Chemical energy released in food by a series enzyme controlled reactions

Question 5

Name uses of energy in cells

Answer 5

Muscle contraction
Cell division
Chemical reactions
Makes heat

Question 6

Optimum levels for human enzymes?

Answer 6

37’C

Question 7

Why is respiration irreversible in plants?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide escapes and it drowns in the ethanol

Question 8

Where is DNA found within a cell?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

Genes code for protein which determines the characteristics of the organism

Question 10

What carried the genetic codes in the nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

What difference letter does mRNA use

Answer 11

U instead of T

Question 12

What is ‘selectivity permeable’?

Answer 12

Allowed certain substances to pass into and out of the cell

Question 13

How is fermentation reversible in animals?

Answer 13

When oxygen is once again present lactate is converted back into pyruvic acid

Question 14

Name the stage of aerobic respiration and amount of energy needed

Answer 14

Glycolysis and 2 ATP

Question 15

What is ATP when broken down to release energy

Answer 15

ADP + Pi, which needed energy to then form ATP

Question 16

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 16

Changing a cell by plasmid or virus to use for our benefit

Question 17

What is the structure of protein

Answer 17

Proteins are made up of a chain of amino acids which determines its function and structure

Question 18

Name types of proteins

Answer 18

Antibodies 
Hormones 
Enzymes 
Transport  
Structural
Receptors

Question 19

What happens when a enzyme is denatured?

Answer 19

It changes its shapes and ruins is active site since they’re specific

Question 20

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 20

Site of Aerobic respiration and has energy because 36 ATP

Question 21

What is a cell walls function?

Answer 21

It strengthens and shapes the cell

Question 22

What is the chloroplast function?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis takes place

Question 23

What is the Cell membranes function?

Answer 23

Controls what come in and out of the cell

Question 24

What is the cytoplasms function?

Answer 24

All chemical reactions occur here

Question 25

What is a vacuoles function?

Answer 25

Hold SAP - sugar and salts

Question 26

What is the nucleus’ function?

Answer 26

Controls cell activities and contains genetic information

Question 27

What is the ribosomes function and where is it present?

Answer 27

Site of protein synthesis and present in the cytoplasm

Question 28

What is the plasmid and what cell is it present in?

Answer 28

small circular DNA and bacterial cells

Question 29

What does the cell membrane consist of?

Answer 29

PhosphoLIPIDS and protein

Question 30

What is osmosis?

Answer 30

The movement of water molecules from a high water concentrations to a low concentration and requires no energy

Question 31

Examples of passive transport

Answer 31

Osmosis Diffusion Passive transport

Question 32

Where does respiration begin?

Answer 32

Cytoplasm

Question 33

What can enzymes be effected by?

Answer 33

Temperature and | pH