Cell Biology

Question 1

Which type of cell lacks a nucleus

Answer 1

Bacterial cell

Question 2

what is the basic unit of life

Answer 2

DNA 🧬

Question 3

What is the green pigment found inside chloroplasts

Answer 3

Chlorophyll

Question 4

What are the three differences between a plant and animal cell

Answer 4

Plants have a cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole animal cells don’t

Question 5

What compound is a plant cell made from

Answer 5

Cellulose

Question 6

What is the function of a cell membrane

Answer 6

Controls entry and exit of materials

Question 7

What is the function of a plasmid

Answer 7

Used to transfer a gene from one organism to another

Question 8

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

Where chemical reactions takes place

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 9

Controls cell activities. Stores DNA (genetic material)

Question 10

What is the definition of diffusion

Answer 10

The process by which molecules move down a concentration gradient from high to low. It doesn’t require energy

Question 11

What 4 substances move by diffusion

Answer 11

Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Molecules of soluble food

Question 12

Describe what would happen to a red bloods cell when placed in pure water and explain why

Answer 12

It would burst, because the water is hypotonic to the cells contents

Question 13

What term is used to describe the appearance of a cell that has been placed in a concentrated sugar solution

Answer 13

Plasmolysed

Question 14

What is the term used to describe the appearance of a cell that had been placed in pure water

Answer 14

Turgid

Question 15

Describe what would happen to a red bold cell when place in 0.85% salt solution and explain why

Answer 15

No change because it has a equal water percentage both inside and outside the cell

Question 16

What is the location of DNA in a cell

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

What is the shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 17

A double stranded helix

Question 18

What is the function of mRNA

Answer 18

A section of DNA opens up and mRNA is made from a copy of the DNA strands. MRNA then carries the copy to the ribosome where amino acids start to assemble

Question 19

What is the subunits of a protein and type of bond that holds them together

Answer 19

Subunits: amino acids

Type of bond: peptide bond

Question 20

What is a gene

Answer 20

A gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein. DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins

Question 21

What are the four bases in a DNA molecule

Answer 21

Adenine - A
Thymine - T
Cytosine - C
Guanine -G

Question 22

What do the four bases in DNA make up for

Answer 22

A genetic code

Question 23

What two kinds of reactions are enzymes involved in

Answer 23

Degradation

Synthesis

Question 24

What is the sub units of a protein

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

What are four potential functions of a protein

Answer 25

Enzymes Hormones Antibodies Structural components

Question 26

What factors affect enzyme actins

Answer 26

Temperature | PH level

Question 27

What is the part is the enzyme where the substrate binds

Answer 27

Active site

Question 28

What is the definition of specific

Answer 28

One enzyme has one complementary substrate that only fits that enzyme. Also one bad only joins with its pair

Question 29

What is the definition of optimum

Answer 29

Each enzyme works best at is optimum PH. Many have an optimum of PH 7. Also human temperature has to stay at 37 degrees

Question 30

What is starch’s enzyme and products

Answer 30

Enzyme: amylase Product: maltose

Question 31

Where are chromosomes located in an animal cell

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

What part of a bacterial cell that acts as a vector

Answer 32

Plasmid

Question 33

What are the advantages of using microorganisms in genetic engineering

Answer 33

They reproduce quickly

Question 34

What is the group of substances that are used to open plasmid

Answer 34

Enzymes

Question 35

What are two medical products made by genetic engineering

Answer 35

Insulin Human growth hormones

Question 36

Advantage of producing medical products by genetic engineering

Answer 36

Fewer allergic reactions people prefer it being human genes

Question 37

What are the four cellular processes that ATP provides energy for

Answer 37

Active transport Cell devision Nerve impulses Carbon fixation

Question 38

What is the name and location of stage 1

Answer 38

Name: Glycolysis Location: Cytoplasm

Question 39

What number of ATP is formed In stage 1

Answer 39

2 ATP

Question 40

Where is the location of fermentation in a cell

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

What is the location of stage 2 in aerobic respiration

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

What is the type of sugar used in respiration

Answer 42

Glucose

Question 43

How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration

Answer 43

38 ATP Stage one: 2 ATP stage two: 36 ATP

Question 44

What’s the process of aerobic respiration

Answer 44

When oxygen is present, aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria

Question 45

What the process of fermentation in animals

Answer 45

In the absence of oxygen, the fermentation pathway takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 46

Whats the process of fermentation in plants and microbes

Answer 46

In the absence of oxygen, the fermentation pathway takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 47

The energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate...

Answer 47

ATP