Cell Biology III

Question 1

What do connective tissues do?

Answer 1

define organ architecture by:
Connecting, suspending, and forming organs,
resist mechanical forces, thermodynamically insulate,
mechanically cushion
store energy
provide nutrition

Question 2

What are the four fundamental types of connective tissue?

Answer 2

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 3

How are types differentiated?

Answer 3

vascularity

Question 4

Connective tissue made up of?

Answer 4

nonliving material

Question 5

Every connective tissue has a unique arrangement of three properties….

Answer 5

Cells
Fibers
Ground substance

Question 6

Four types of cell found in connective tissue (from most common to least)

Answer 6

Fibroblasts
Reticular cells
Leukocytes
Fat cells

Question 7

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

Answer 7

Collagen fiber and ground substance production

Question 8

Where are fibroblasts common?

Answer 8

connective tissue types

Question 9

Motility of fibroblasts?

Answer 9

Fixed or mobile

Question 10

Shape of reticular cells?

Answer 10

Large, stellate (star)

Question 11

When fibroblasts are actively producing fibers, what conformation are their nuclei? Less active?

Answer 11

Round or oval; more cytoplasm
Flatter; less cytoplasm

Question 12

What is type 3 collagen?

Answer 12

special type of fibroblasts that synthesize reticular fibers

Question 13

Where are reticular cells located?

Answer 13

lymphoid organs and bone marrow

Question 14

Function of leukocytes?

Answer 14

fight foreign antigens that have invaded the body

Question 15

Macrophages cytoplasm unique feature?

Answer 15

filled with cellular debris

Question 16

Appearance of macrophages?

Answer 16

Large round cell with indented nucleus

Question 17

Macrophages derived from?

Answer 17

monocytes

Question 18

Macrophages can fuse to form massive cell T/F.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Plasma cell nucleus shape?

Answer 19

small, eccentric (pushed off to the side)

Question 20

Plasma cell function?

Answer 20

Are antibody factories

Question 21

Preference of cytoplasm in plasma cell?

Answer 21

basophilic

Question 22

Plasma cells derived from?

Answer 22

B lymphocytes

Question 23

What are the two types of fat cells?

Answer 23

Brown and white

Question 24

Features of white fat
Cell size:
Number of droplets:
Nucleus:
Lipid visibility (on slide):

Answer 24

Cell size: large
Number of droplets: single droplet
Nucleus: eccentric
Lipid visibility: not visible with basic slide prep

Question 25

Features of brown fat Cell size: Number of droplets: Nucleus: Found in what animals?

Answer 25

Small Multiple Round Found in hibernating animals

Question 26

Function of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 26

structure to connective tissues

Question 27

Two categories of fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 27

Collagen and elastic

Question 28

Function of elastic fibers?

Answer 28

give certain tissues elasticity and recoil

Question 29

Function of collagen fibers?

Answer 29

tensile strength

Question 30

Regular vs. irregular fibers

Answer 30

Regular: single force Irregular: multiple directional forces

Question 31

Type I collagen fiber commonality and stain color?

Answer 31

very common, orange to orange-pink

Question 32

How many types of collagen fibers?

Answer 32

3

Question 33

Type II collagen fiber location?

Answer 33

cartilage

Question 34

Type III collagen fibers also known as and form what?

Answer 34

reticular fibers; forms fibrous meshes in organs

Question 35

What is ground substance? Components? Consistency?

Answer 35

acellular space that fills between cells and fibers "acts as a glue"; mostly water, GAGS and proteoglycans; viscous gel

Question 36

What is ground substance produced by?

Answer 36

fibroblasts

Question 36

Loose irregular tissue features: Ground substance/fiber ratio Cell diversity Fiber orientation Consistency Function (2) Example

Answer 36

More ground substance than fibers Multiple cell types Few unorganized fibers Soft and pliable Hold organs in place, surround vessels and nerves AND connects epithelia to deeper tissues Superficial fascia

Question 37

Five types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 37

Loose irregular Adipose Reticular Dense Irregular Dense Irregular

Question 37

Loose vs. dense tissues?

Answer 37

Loose has more ground substance Dense has less ground substance

Question 38

Adipose tissue Presence of what? Functions (2):

Answer 38

brown and white fat cells heat conservation and ENERGY

Question 39

Reticular tissue components and function? Example?

Answer 39

Abundance of reticular fibers and cells, Web-like mesh that supports blood cells Bone marrow

Question 40

Dense Irregular Tissue Consistency: Function: Example:

Answer 40

Firm Resists compression and forces in multiple directions and planes Fibrous capsules of joints

Question 41

Dense regular cells Cell count: Fiber organization: Consistency: Example

Answer 41

Few cells Parallel Firm (resistant to strong directional force) Muscle tendons, ligaments