Cell Biology and Tissue ID Flashcards
What are the 3 main parts of an eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and Cell Memebrane.
What is the name for everything inside the cell membrane?
Protoplasm.
What are the 2 parts of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The Cell Membrane and the Protoplasm.
Do prokaryotic cells contain nuclei?
No. Prokayrotic cells have a nucleoid region where genetic material is stored.
What is a nucleoid?
A region in prokaryotic cells where genetic material is stored.
What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotes are always small, unicellular, and lack a true nucleus.
Eukaryote means “true kernal” in Greek. How does that define its biology?
Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus. They also have other membrane bound organelles, are larger and often multicellular.
What makes up the cytoplasm of a eucaryotic cell?
Cytosol, cytoskeleton, and organelles.
What is cytosol?
The aqueous medium of the cytoplasm containing molecules and macromolecules.
What is the nucleoplasm?
The matrix of the nucleus.
Are the nucleus and nucleolus organelles?
The nucleus is. It is membrane bound, and therefore, an organelle. The nucleolus is not membrane bound, and so it cannot be called an organelle. The nucleolus is the dense, sperical area within the nucleus that produces and assemble ribosomes.
Is the nucleus always present in eucaryotic cells?
No. It’s a trick question. At the start of mitosis, the nucleolus disappears, the chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the contents of the nucleus spill into the cytoplasm. Then, it all reassembles in the two daughter cells. Also, mature RBCs do not have nuclei.
What is the primary purpose of the cell membrane?
To control what goes in and out of the cell.
What is the biggest cell in the human body?
The ovum.
What is the smallest eucaryotic cell in the human body?
The sperm. Why did I say eucaryotic?
Which human cells have the longest lifespans?
Neurons
Which human cells are immortal?
HeLa cells.
Which cells have the shortest lifespan?
Neutrophils. They only live about 4 hours.
What cell type is pictured?
Red blood cells
What cell type is indicated?
neutrophil
What is this cell called?
Macrophage
What is the name of this cell?
Neuron
What type of connective tissue fiber is this?
Collagen
What type of connective tissue fiber is this?
Elastic. This the Verhoefff Van Giesen stain. (aka VVG, EVG, Elastic stain)
What type of connective tissue fiber is this?
Reticular. This is a Modified Gomori Retic. The previous was a Gordon and Sweet Retic.
Where are mast cells found?
Loose connective tissue near vessels as in the lamina propria of the GI tract or near follicules and glands in the skin.
What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?
Bacillus (rod), coccus (sperical) and spirillum (spiral)
What shape is this bacteria? Is it Gram positive or negative?
This is Clostridium botulinum (Botulism), a Gram positive drumstick-shaped (bacillus) bacteria.
What shape is this bacteria? Is it Gram positive or negative?
Salmonella typhi (salmonella), a Gram negative bacillus.
What shape is this bacteria? Is it Gram positive or negative?
Clostridium tetani (tetanus), a Gram positive drumstick-shaped (bacillus) bacteria.
What shape is this bacteria? Is it Gram positive or negative?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia), a Gram positive diplococcus.
What shape is this bacteria? Is it Gram positive or negative?
Escherichia coli is a Gram negative bacillus.
Why is tissue for brain stains cut thicker?
Because neurons are bigger cells.
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets, and plasma.
What are the formed elements of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Everything but the plasma.
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells.
Name some different types of leukocytes.
Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage, natural killer cell, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, plasma cell.
What is another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes. Cell fragments that aid in clotting.
Where are blood cells formed?
Bone marrow.
Where do plasma cells come from?
They differentiate from B cells (lymphocytes).
What cell produces and secretes antibodies?
The plasma cell.
True or False: There is only 1 type of B cell (or B lymphocyte).
False. There are many types of B lymphocytes. The 2 differentiated types of B cells are Plasma cells and Memory B cells.
True or False: Both plasma cells and memory B cells are specific to an antigen.
True. When a mature B cell encounters an antigen and clones itself, some clones differentiate into plasma cells and some into memory B cells, both specific to the initially encountered antigen.
Horseshoe crabs have blue blood because oxygen is transported through vessels by a copper containing protein called hemocyanin. Why do humans have red blood?
Humans have red blood because RBCs use an iron containing protein called hemoglobin to transport oxygen. Bright red blood is oxygenated, dark red blood is deoxygenated.
