Cell Biology, Transport

Question 1

What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Animal and plant.

Question 1

What type of cell are bacteria?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic.

Question 2

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

Answer 2

In the nucleus.

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell.

Question 5

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 5

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 6

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

Enable production of proteins.

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

Strengthens and supports the cell.

Question 8

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

Single loop of DNA.

Question 9

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

Answer 9

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution.

Question 10

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 10

Carries oxygen around the body.

Question 11

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell.

Answer 11

No nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, has a bi-concave disc shape.

Question 12

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 12

Carries electrical impulses around the body.

Question 13

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell.

Answer 13

Branched endings (dendrites), myelin sheath insulates the axon.

Question 14

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 14

Fertilizes an ovum (egg).

Question 15

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell.

Answer 15

Tail, contains lots of mitochondria.

Question 16

What is the function of a palisade cell?

Answer 16

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf.

Question 17

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell.

Answer 17

Lots of mitochondria, located at the top of the leaf.

Question 18

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 18

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil.

Question 19

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell.

Answer 19

Large surface area, lots of mitochondria.

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration along a concentration gradient. the process is passive, which means no energy required.

Question 21

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 21

concentration gradient, temperature and membrane surface area

Question 22

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances?

Answer 22

long and thin to increase surface area; one cell thick membrane which means a short diffusion pathway; good blood supply, which maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 23

How are lungs adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 23

alveoli, which has a large surface area; moist membranes, which increases the rate of diffusion; one cell thick membranes for short diffusion pathway; good blood supply for maintaining a steep concentration gradient

Question 24

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 24

large surface area for gases to diffuse across; thin layer of cells for a short diffusion pathway and good blood supply for maintaining a steep concentration gradient

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane. this is a passive process.

Question 26

Give one example of osmosis in a plant.

Answer 26

water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

Question 27

What is active transport?

Answer 27

movement of particles against a concentration gradient - from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution - using energy from respiration

Question 28

Why is active transport needed in plants?

Answer 28

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells - the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root hair cells

Question 29

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

Answer 29

sugar can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower in the sugar in the blood