Cell/Cell Transport

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells.

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.

Question 3

Prokaryote

Answer 3

a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Question 4

organelle

Answer 4

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 5

flagella

Answer 5

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.

Question 6

cilia

Answer 6

a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion.

Question 7

Passive transport

Answer 7

is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input

Question 8

Concentration gradient

Answer 8

The formal definition of a concentration gradient is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

the spreading of something more widely.

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 11

Hypertonic solution

Answer 11

the total molar concentration of all dissolved solute particles is greater than that of another solution, or greater than the concentration in a cell.

Question 12

Hypotonic solution

Answer 12

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution. In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called hypotonic if it has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol. Due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell often appears turgid, or bloated.

Question 13

Isotonic solution

Answer 13

An isotonic solution is one that has the same osmolarity, or solute concentration, as another solution

Question 14

Active transport

Answer 14

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.