Cell Communication

Question 1

What do signal transduction pathways do

Answer 1

Convert signals into cellular responses

Question 2

What are 2 types of cellular communication

Answer 2

Local and long distance signalling

Question 3

In local signalling neighbouring cells communicate, what are the 3 ways they do that

Answer 3

Direct contact
Cell to cell recognition
Local regulators

Question 4

Communication involving cell junctions

Answer 4

Direct contact a type of cell communication

Question 5

Communication via surface molecules is known as? and what is an example of the surface molecules

Answer 5

Cell to cell recognition and the surface molecule is membrane carbohydrates

Question 6

Messenger molecules that travel short distances such as growth factors and neurotransmitters diffusing across synaptic cleft is known as what type of cell communication

Answer 6

Local regulators

Question 7

In direct contact local signalling the 3 cell junction types are

Answer 7

Communicating junctions
Occluding junctions
Anchoring junctions

Question 8

What gap junctions undergo communication

Answer 8

Gap junctions and plasmodesmata

Question 9

Are communicating junctions linked to cytoskeleton in any way

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Communicating junctions control

Answer 10

Cell to cell connection not cell to ECM

Question 11

Occluding junctions are known as

Answer 11

Tight junctions

Question 12

Tight junctions have cytoskeletal connection as they connect with

Answer 12

Actin microfilaments

Question 13

Tight junctions undergo what type of connection cell to cell or to ECM

Answer 13

Cell-cell connection

Question 14

What are two types of cell - cell connection anchoring junctions

Answer 14

Desmosomes and adherens

Question 15

Desmosomes have cytoskeletal connection with

Answer 15

Intermediate filaments

Question 16

Adherents have cytoskeletal connection with

Answer 16

Actin microfilaments similar to occluding/tight junctions

Question 17

Anchoring junctions that undergo cell to ECM connection are known as

Answer 17

Focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes

Question 18

Focal adhesions have cytoskeletal connections with

Answer 18

Actin filaments like tight junctions and adherents junctions

Question 19

Hemidesmosomes have cytoskeletal connections with

Answer 19

Intermediate filaments similar to Desmosomes

Question 20

Desmosomes fasten cells together into sheets by using proteins, what is the transmembrane protein used, attachment protein and filament? What is the filament made of?

Answer 20

Intermediate filament + desmoplakin (attachment protein) + cadherins (transmembrane adhesion proteins)

The intermediate filament made of keratin in epithelial cells or desmin in in heart muscle/ smooth muscle cells.

Desmosomes attach muscle cells together in a muscle

Question 21

Adherents junctions create an adhesion zone under the apical surface of cells and connect things similar to Desmosomes. What transmembrane protein, filament and attachment protein is used?

Answer 21

Actin filament + catenins or vinculin or a-actinin (attachment protein) + cadherins (transmembrane protein)

Question 22

Integrins are the transmembrane proteins for which junctions

Answer 22

Focal adhesions and hemodesmosomes

Question 23

Focal adhesions have talin, a-actin and vincoulin attachment proteins, what other junction uses a-actin and vincoulin?

Answer 23

Adherents junction

Question 24

Focal adhesions use what filament when connecting cell to ECM

Answer 24

Actin microfilament

Question 25

Where are hemodesmosomes found

Answer 25

Basal surface of epithelial cells to allow cell to ECM connection

Question 26

When does the transmembrane protein integrin bind to basement membrane laminin?

Answer 26

In hemodesmosomes

Question 27

What filament is used in hemodesmosomes

Answer 27

Intermediate -keratin similar to Desmosomes

Question 28

Plectin is an attatchement protein that ___ use

Answer 28

hemodesmosomes

Question 29

All anchoring junctions contain __ when connecting

Answer 29

filaments, attachment proteins and transmembrane adhesion proteins

Question 30

What membrane protein makes channels in gap junctions

Answer 30

Connexin

Question 31

Ions Ca+2 and cAMP can enter

Answer 31

Channels of gap junctions

Question 32

Gap junctions are found ___ apical surfaces of tissues in

Answer 32

ALONG, Epithelial cells and muscle cells

Question 33

The reason we have synchronized contraction of intestine during birth is because of

Answer 33

Gap junctions

Question 34

Tight junctions are found ___ apical surfaces of what cells?

Answer 34

UNDERNEATH, epithelial only.

Question 35

Tight junctions are

Answer 35

Occluding and prevent cell-cell communication and skin leakage

Question 36

The transmembrane proteins claudin and occludin make up

Answer 36

Tight junctions

Question 37

What part of tight junctions is linked to actin filament

Answer 37

Cytoplasmic part of occludin