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science 4th quarter > cell cycle > Flashcards

cell cycle Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

is a series of events that takes place from one cell division to another

A

cell cycle

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2
Q

first growth stage after cell division

A

G1 Phase

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3
Q

cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles

A

G1 Phase

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4
Q

cells carries on on its normal metabolic activities

A

G1 Phase

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5
Q

the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis

A

G1 Phase

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6
Q

when does G1 Phase end?

A

when the cells move into the S Phase of interphase

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7
Q

dna is replicated

A

S Phase

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8
Q

occurs between g1 and g2 phase

A

s phase

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9
Q

dna undergoes replication and each dna molecule forms how many dna molecules?

A

2 dna molecules

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10
Q

checks dna for any damage that might have occured during replication

A

G2 Phase

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11
Q

ensures all proteins needed for cell divisions are present

A

G2 Phase

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12
Q

cell division

A

M Phase

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13
Q

importance of cell division

A

for growth and development
for repair of damaged items
for perpetuation of species

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14
Q

types of m phase / cell division

A

meiosis & mitosis

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15
Q

somatic / body cells

A

mitosis

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16
Q

cells in the skin, muscles, bones, lungs, and other internal organs

A

mitosis

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17
Q

reproductive cells

A

meiosis

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18
Q

chromosome number of humans

A

46 chromosomes

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19
Q

duplicated chromosomes

A

chromatids

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20
Q

duplicated chromosomes are held together by the

A

centromere

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21
Q

a picture of the chromosomes from a human cell aranged in pairs by size

A

karotype

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22
Q

xx

A

female

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23
Q

xy

A

male

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24
Q

first 22 pairs are called

A

autosomes

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25
last pair are the
sex chromosomes
26
dna is tightly coiled arounf proteins called
histones
27
genetic material located inside a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid
28
made up of a DNA-protein complex called chromatids
chromosomes
29
two identical halves of a replicated chromosomes after the S Phase of the cell cycle
chromatids
30
attachment point of two chromatids
centromere
31
upper arms of the chromosomes
short arm or p arm
32
lower arms of the chromosomes
q arm
33
chromosomes become condensed or thickened
mitotic phase
34
interval between two cell divisions
interphase
35
cell grows initially
G1 Phase
36
synthesis of protein and ribonucleic acid or RNA occurs
G1 Phase
37
mitochondria increase in number
G1 Phase
38
DNA are synthesized thus replicating the chromosomes in preparation for the next cell division.
S Phase
39
cell grows rapidly
G2 Phase
40
cell prepares for the actual cell division
G2 Phase
41
cellular process wherein two nuclei and two cells are produced due to the division of the original nucleus
Mitosis
42
made up of two sister chromatids that are identical to each
prophase stage
43
repeated coiling of chromosomes occurs resulted to its thicker and shorter structure
prophase stage
44
nuclear membrane breaks down
prophase stage
45
Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane
metaphase stage
46
Each spindle fiber from both centrosomes connects to each chromosome through its __________
kinectochore
47
Spindle fibers begin to contract and become shorter. Continued contraction causes the separation of the genetically identical sister chromatids
Anaphase
48
Centromeres divide.
Anaphase
49
The single chromatids move towards the
opposite poles
50
Two sets of chromosomes are surrounded by new nuclear membranes, completing the nuclear division process known as
karyokinesis
51
Cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis occurs concurrently, splitting the cell into two.
telophase stage
52
The microtubules disappear
telophase stage
53
The chromosomes are now at the opposing poles of the spindle.
telophase stage
54
In animal cells, two grooves or indentations known as ____________ ______________ form at both ends of the metaphase plate during telophase
cleavage furrows
55
cell wall
cell plate
56
body cells
somatic
57
sex cells
gametes
58
human somatic cells have how many chromosomes?
46 chromosomes
59
in reproductive cells or gametes, each of these cells produced has only how many chromosomes
23 chromosomes
60
5 stages of prophase 1 stage
substage 1 : leptotene substage 2 : zygotene substage 3 : pachytene substage 4 : diplotene substage 5 : diakinesis
61
Which factor controls hereditary traits?
genes
62
Which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
s phase
63
Which stage in the life of a cell is spent most
interphase
64
what happens during karyokinesis?
division of nucleus
65
Humans have diploid chromosome number (2N) which is equal to 46 chromosomes. What is the chromosome number of each daughter cell produced during meiosis?
23 chromosomes
66
Which stage of mitosis where the chromatids of chromosomes separate and begin to move away from each other?
anaphase stage
67
There are 64 chromosomes of a fern plant. After mitosis, each daughter cell formed will have how many chromosomes?
32 chromosomes
68
The following statements are true about meiosis EXCEPT: It occurs in reproductive cells. It results in four haploid (N) daughter cells. Exchanging of genetic material does not occur. Pulling apart of homologous pairs of chromosomes occurs.
Exchanging of genetic material does not occur.
69
Genes consist of
DNA
70
Chromosomes are structures found in the cell __________ that contain a person’s genes.
nucleus
71
Every normal human somatic cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total of __________ chromosomes.
46
72
The cell undergoes a cycle that may be divided into two stages, the __________ and the cell division or mitotic phase.
Interphase
73
The interphase is divided into three phases namely: the gap one phase (G1), the __________ phase, and the gap two phase (G2).
Synthesis (S)
74
There are four distinct stages of mitosis namely: prophase, __________, anaphase, and telophase.
metaphase
75
During mitosis, two things occur. These are the nuclear division and the cytoplasmic division called ____________.
cytokinesis
76
Each spindle fiber from both ___________ connects to the kinetochore of each chromosome.
centrioles
77
In plant cells, _________ forms and becomes a new cell wall dividing the cytoplasm into two parts.
cell plate
78
The outcome of meiosis is the production of four _________ (N) daughter cells.
haploid
79
What is the substage of prophase I where the pairing of chromosomes begins?
zygotene
80
Which stage of your development as a human being when you were just one cell?
zygote

science 4th quarter (5 decks)

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