Cell Cycle

Question 1

What are the two major types of cell division

Answer 1

Meiosis and Mitosis

Question 2

What cell division do somatic cells undergo

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

What cell division do germ cells undergo

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

What happens during G1 - 3

Answer 4

The cell grows, prepares DNA for replication by creating protiens and enzymes, DNA is checked for damage

Question 5

What happens in S-phase

Answer 5

DNA replication - produces two sister chromatids for each chromosome

Question 6

What happens during G2 Phase - 2

Answer 6

The cell grows, centrosomes are duplicated

Question 7

What happens in M-phase

Answer 7

Mitosis occurs

Question 8

Whats a karyotype

Answer 8

mitotic cells highlighted in dye for the study of chromosomes

Question 9

difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

sister are identical copies of a chromosome
homologous are a pair of chromosomes from parents

Question 10

What are CDK’s

Answer 10

Enzyme that regulates the cell cycle

Question 11

How do CDK’s work

Answer 11

using phosphorylation and a cyclin to become active

Question 12

Function of cyclins

Answer 12

bind to CDK’s to become active and regulate stages of the cell cycle

Question 13

How do APC/C function

Answer 13

triggers transition from metaphase to anaphase by marking securin for degradation activating separase

Question 14

Mitosis sequence

Answer 14

PPMAT

Question 15

What happens during metaphase

Answer 15

Chromosomes align in the equator

Question 16

what happens in prophase -3

Answer 16

chromosomes condense, microtubules begin to form, centrosomes move to the poles of the cell

Question 17

how are sister chromatids separated and when

Answer 17

anaphase, kinetochores attach spindle fibres and pull to poles after centromere separate

Question 18

role of telophase -2

Answer 18

nuclear envelope begins to form again with sister chromatids reaching poles

Question 19

Whats cytokinesis

Answer 19

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 20

role of CDK-cyclin complex

Answer 20

control transitions between phases of the cell

Question 21

how are cyclin levels controlled

Answer 21

transcription and degradation

Question 22

What is the spindle assembly checkpoint

Answer 22

ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibres before anaphase

Question 23

how does the G1/S checkpoint control progression?

Answer 23

checks for DNA damage, ensures the environment is favourable for DNA replication

Question 24

role of CDK inhibitor

Answer 24

pauses cell cycle

Question 25

example of when is a CDK inhibitor used

Answer 25

When DNA is damaged

Question 26

whats crossing over

Answer 26

exchange of genetic material to homologous chromosomes

Question 27

when does crossing over happen

Answer 27

prophase

Question 28

What is the result of random assortment in meiosis

Answer 28

genetically unique gametes

Question 29

why is meiosis important

Answer 29

half chromosome numbers for the formation of gametes to make a diploid zygote

Question 30

whats a diploid

Answer 30

has two sets of chromosomes

Question 31

whats a haploid

Answer 31

only contains one set of chromosomes

Question 32

example of haploid

Answer 32

gamete

Question 33

What does cyclin D bind too

Answer 33

CDK4 or 6

Question 34

What does CDK4 or 6 bind too

Answer 34

Cyclin D

Question 35

What does CDK 2 bind too

Answer 35

Cyclin E or A

Question 36

What does CDK1 bind too

Answer 36

Cyclin B

Question 37

What does cyclin E activate

Answer 37

CDK2

Question 38

What does cyclin A activate

Answer 38

CDK2

Question 39

What does cyclin B activate

Answer 39

CDK1