cell cycle

Question 1

binary fission

Answer 1

the method of cell replication used by prokaryotes

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

a method of reproduction that produces genetically identical cells without the fusion of gametes (sex cells)

Question 3

plasmid

Answer 3

a small, circular loop of DNA that is separate from a chromosome, typically found
in bacteria

Question 4

cytokinesis

Answer 4

the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two daughter cells

Question 5

septum

Answer 5

a dividing wall formed
during binary fission

Question 6

interphase

Answer 6

the first stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle which involves cellular growth and duplication of
chromosomes. Composed of three phases: G1, S, and G2

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

chromosome a structure
composed of DNA tightly wrapped
around histone proteins. Carries
the genetic information (genes)
of a cell

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

mitosis the second stage of
the eukaryotic cell cycle, which
involves the complete separation
of sister chromatids and nuclei

Question 9

sister chromatids

Answer 9

the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

cytokinesis the division of the
cytoplasm and formation of two
daughter cells

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

chromosomes (DNA and proteins) that have been unwound and loosely packed
during interphase

Question 12

Gap 1 (G1) phase

Answer 12

• increasing the volume of its cytosol
• synthesizing proteins for DNA replication
• replicating its organelles
• At the end of the G1 phase, the cell either proceeds to the S phase or exits the cell cycle and
  enters the G0 phase

Question 13

Gap 0 (G0) phase

Answer 13

Cells that are not required to replicate rest in the G0 phase. Cells in G0 are either
quiescent or terminally differentiated. While quiescent cells are dormant and have the
ability to re-enter the cell cycle, terminally differentiated cells remain in G0 indefinitely.

Question 14

Synthesis (S) phase

Answer 14

the cell replicates its DNA turning one chromosome into two genetically identical sister chromatids

Question 15

quiescent

Answer 15

dormant cells which
can re-enter the cell cycle

Question 16

terminally

Answer 16

differentiated cells
that have fully specialized and no longer replicate

Question 17

chromatid

Answer 17

one half of a double-
stranded chromosome

Question 18

centromere

Answer 18

the structure which
holds sister chromatids together

Question 19

somatic cells

Answer 19

any cell that is not a reproductive cell (such as
sperm and egg cells). Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes
– one inherited from each parent

Question 20

diploid cell

Answer 20

or organisms
that have two sets of
chromosomes (2n)

Question 21

Gap 2 (G2) Phase

Answer 21

final stage of interphase where the cell continues to grow and prepare itself for mitosis
- increasing the volume of the cytosol
- synthesizing proteins in preparation for mitosis.

Question 22

daughter cell

Answer 22

the formation of a
new cell following cell replication

Question 23

Mitosis

Answer 23

consists of four sub-stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 24

chromosome condensation

Answer 24

the shortening and thickening of
chromosomes, as DNA is tightly
wrapped around histone proteins

Question 25

centrioles

Answer 25

cylindrical structures composed of protein which form the spindle fibres during mitosis and meiosis

Question 26

spindle fibres

Answer 26

structures which aid in the movement of chromosomes to either pole of the cell during mitosis and meiosis

Question 27

equator

Answer 27

the centre line between opposite ends of the cell that the chromosomes line up on during metaphase

Question 28

cleavage furrow

Answer 28

an indentation of the plasma membrane during cytokinesis

Question 29

cell plate

Answer 29

a component involved in the formation of a cell wall