Cell cycle

Question 1

Cell cycle and what it is split into etc

Answer 1

-Cell cycle is a process that cells have to go through in order to divide
-This ensures that cells divide correctly and that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell
-The cell cycle is split into two main phases:
-Interphase (the longest phase)
-and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

-Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle and involves growing the cell in preparation for division:
-G1 phase: makes organelles and proteins
S (synthesis phase): DNA replication occurs
g2 phase: the cell continues to grow and checks for DNA errors
-After interphase, the cell is bigger and has twice the amount of genetic information than normal

Question 3

M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

Answer 3

M phase is when the cell divides to make two identical daughter cells
MITOSIS
-Prophase: The chromosomes coil up and become more visible
-Each chromosome contains two sister chromatids joined at the centromere
-The nuclear envelope breaks down
-Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
-Spindle fibres start to form
Metaphase: The chromosomes align themselves in the equator of the cell
-Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids
Anaphase
-The centromeres of the chromosome are split and they separate
-Spindle fibres attached to the centromeres shorten, pulling the chromatids to either side of the cell
Telophase
-Nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromosomes on opposite sides of the cell
-Chromosomes uncoil, becoming less visible in the cell
-The cell now has two nuclei
CYTOKINESIS
-The cell membrane and cytoplasm divides, forming the identical daughter cell