cell cycle Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and M phase (mitotic phase)
True or False: The cell cycle includes only the mitotic phase.
False
What is the purpose of interphase?
To prepare the cell for division
Fill in the blank: The cell cycle is controlled by __________.
cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
What are the three stages of interphase?
G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase
What occurs during the G1 phase?
Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication
What does the S phase stand for?
Synthesis phase
What happens during the S phase?
DNA is replicated
What is the G2 phase responsible for?
Final preparations for mitosis
What is the M phase?
The mitotic phase where cell division occurs
True or False: Mitosis and cytokinesis occur during the M phase.
True
What are the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
What occurs during prophase?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down
During which phase do chromosomes align at the cell’s equator?
Metaphase
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
What marks the end of mitosis?
Telophase, when two new nuclei form
What is cytokinesis?
The process of dividing the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
Name one checkpoint in the cell cycle.
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, or M checkpoint
What happens if a cell does not pass a checkpoint?
The cell may undergo apoptosis or enter a resting state (G0 phase)
True or False: Cancer cells often bypass cell cycle checkpoints.
True
What is the G0 phase?
A resting phase where cells are not actively dividing
What triggers the transition from G1 to S phase?
The accumulation of specific cyclins and CDKs
What is the significance of the G2 checkpoint?
To ensure that DNA replication has been completed accurately before mitosis
