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Cell Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

List in order the proper sequence of phases in the cell cycle.

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of interphase?

A

G1, s-phase, G2

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3
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis and cytoplasmic division?

A

Mitosis is division of the nucleus while cytoplasmic division splits the cytoplasm so each daughter cell gets the same DNA and cellular machinery.

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4
Q

How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? Are they the same or different from the parent cell?

A
  1. Identical daughter cells
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5
Q

What happens during G2?

A

Cell prepares for cell division

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6
Q

When are the chromosomes visible during the cell cycle?

A

Metaphase, prophase, anaphase

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7
Q

List the 4 phases of mitosis in their proper sequence.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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8
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromosomes become visible, centrioles move apart (toward poles), spindle fibers form between the centrioles, nucleus disappears.

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9
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What phase follows metaphase?

A

Anaphase

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11
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Sister chromatids line up along the middle (equator), spindle fibers attach to centromeres

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12
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart at the centromere, chromatids are now chromosomes and move to opposite ends of the cell. (Toward the poles)

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13
Q

During what phase do the chromosomes become visible, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear, and the spindle fibers form between the pairs of centrioles?

A

Prophase

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth

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15
Q

What is a tumor?

A

A tumor is a mass of cancer cells

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16
Q

List some characteristics of telophase

A

2 nuclei, chromosomes start to disappear, nucleus reappears, spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes reach opposite poles.

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17
Q

List some characteristics of anaphase

A

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart at the centromere, chromatids are are now chromosomes and move to opposite ends of the cell

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18
Q

What is the big idea for the cell cycle?

A

One cell becomes two identical cells.

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19
Q

Cells leave the cell cycle and stop dividing

A

G0

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20
Q

Division of chromosomes happens

A

Mitosis

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21
Q

Division of cytoplasm happens

A

Cytokinesis

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22
Q

Cell makes the molecules and organelles needed for cell division

A

G2

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23
Q

Made up of telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase

A

Mitosis

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24
Q

Cell is reading the DNA code and “doing its job”

A

G1

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25
Cell makes a copy of its DNA
S-phase
26
Explain what happens to a growing cell to cause "DNA overload".
To much demand is being placed on DNA for information
27
Tell how cell division in prokaryotes is different from eukaryotes
Prokaryotes-simple binary fusion | Eukaryotes-more elaborate due to nucleus
28
DNA is all spread out as chromatin and nuclear membrane is visible
Interphase
29
DNA scrunches up and chromosomes are first visible
Prophase
30
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
Metaphase
31
DNA is copied and cell prepares to divide
Interphase
32
Chromatid arms separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
33
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
Prophase
34
Two nuclei are visible
Telophase
35
First dividing phase
Prophase
36
Made up of G1, S, G2
Interphase
37
Centrosomes containing centrioles and spindle fibers appear next to nucleus
Interphase and prophase
38
Cytoplasm is split between two cells
Cytokinesis
39
Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear
Telophase
40
Chromosomes unwind into chromatin and nucleus returns
Telophase
41
Early biologists observed that just before cell division, several short, stringy structures appeared in the ___________.
Nucleus
42
These structures seemed to _______ soon after cell division.
Vanish
43
These structures, which contain DNA, are now called ____________.
Chromosomes
44
As microscopes improved, scientists realized that chromosomes carry ___________________, which is copied and passed on from generation to generation.
Genetic material
45
During most of cells life cycle, chromosomes exist as uncoiled ____________, strands of DNA wrapped around protein molecules.
Chromatin
46
When DNA is uncoiled, it can be actively involved in making RNA and in _____________ itself.
Replicating
47
However, before a cell begins to divide, the chromatin threads begin to _________; forming tightly packed chromosomes.
Coil
48
The period of cell growth
Interphase
49
A period of cell division
Mitosis
50
Chromosomes distributed equally to daughter cells
Mitosis
51
Protein production high
Interphase
52
Nuclear material divides to form two daughter cells
Mitosis
53
DNA synthesis occurs
Interphase
54
Cytoplasm divides
Mitosis
55
Mitochondria and other organelles manufactured
Interphase
56
The final phase, in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes
Telophase
57
Chromosomes become visible, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear, and the spindle forms between the pairs of centrioles
Prophase
58
The nucleus and nucleolus can be seen clearly. Chromosomes are not visible because they're in the form of uncoiled chromatin
Interphase
59
The centromeres split, and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
60
Chromosomes move to the equator, with each chromatid attached to a spindle fiber by it's centromere
Metaphase
61
What are the 3 main phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Biology (14 decks)

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