Cell cycle

Question 1

what do Signalling cascades do

Answer 1

Response to extracellular factors

Signal amplification

Signal integration

Modulation by other pathways

Regulation of divergent responses

Question 2

give 2 peptide growth factors

Answer 2

Epidermal growth factor (EGF); Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 3

what respective rc do ligands activate

Answer 3

Respective receptors found as monomeric, inactive state

Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase (RPTK)

Question 4

In presence of ligand what happens to rc

Answer 4

Receptors form dimers

are activated by phosphorylation

Question 5

how does Protein phosphorylation alter function

Answer 5

The added phosphate group (negatively charged) can alter protein function by:
causing a change in shape (conformation) leading to change in activity (+ve or –ve)
creating a docking site for another protein

Question 6

Receptor activation triggers…

Answer 6

kinase cascades
binding of adapter proteins

Frequently the protein regulated by a kinase is another kinase, and so on…

Leads to signal amplification, diversification and opportunity for regulation