Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 1

to enable cells t generate new, genetically identical cells for growth and replacement

Question 2

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 2

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 3

Haploid and Diploid

Answer 3

Haploid (n): 1 set of chromosomes, 23 total

Diploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomes, 46 total

Question 4

Centromeres

Answer 4

sequence of DNA; cohesion proteins bind each centromere of each sister chromatid

Question 5

Kineticore

Answer 5

where microtubules bind on a chromosome

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

G1: cell size and protein content increase, cell size doubles
S: when DNA replicates
G2: all organelles duplicate, synthesize microtubules, cell becomes organized

Question 7

The spindle

Answer 7

composed of proteins (most microtubules), spindle fibers connect at each pole to the centriole

Question 8

Prophase

Answer 8

condensed chromosomes, nucleus intact, centrosomes migrate to polls forming spindle

Question 9

Prometaphase

Answer 9

nuclear envelope is gone, microtubules attach, chromosomes begin to move to center of cell

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

alignment of chromosomes along metaphase plate

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

starts when centromeres split, cohesion proteins are removed from all chromosomes, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

spindle disassembles, nuclear envelopes form, nucleolus reappears and chromosomes begin to uncoil

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

cells split into equal halves (via cleavage furrow), actin polymerizes forming an actin contractile ring to split cells