Cell Cycle Regulation

Question 1

Uncontrolled cell division results in what?

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

What thing control cell division?

Answer 2

CDKs

Cyclins

Question 3

What does CDK stand for?

Answer 3

Cyclin dependent kinase

Question 4

What are cyclins?

Answer 4

Kinase regulatory proteins

Question 5

How is the cell cycle initiated?

Answer 5

In response to external signals. Without signals, they enter a prolonged G1

Question 6

Myc is a(n) ___.

Answer 6

Oncogene

Question 7

What activates Cyclin D?

Answer 7

NFkB

Question 8

What cyclins are active during G1-Cdk?

Answer 8

Cyclins:
D1
D2
D3

Question 9

What cyclin is active during G1S-Cdk?

Answer 9

Cyclin E

Question 10

What cyclin is active during S-Ckd?

Answer 10

Cyclin A

Question 11

What cyclin is active during M-Cdk?

Answer 11

Cyclin B

Question 12

What else can push cells into the cell cycle?

Answer 12

Inflammation

Question 13

What 2 things can activate cyclin D?

Answer 13

Growth factors

Inflammation

Question 14

What breaks down cyclins?

Answer 14

Ubiquitin

Question 15

What is the most important checkpoint of the cell cycle?

Answer 15

G1-S

Question 16

What proteins are at work in the G1-S checkpoint?

Answer 16

P53

Retinoblastoma proteins

Question 17

In what 4 ways are Cdk/Cyclins regulated?

Answer 17

Cyclic proteolysis
Transcriptional regulation
Inhibitor proteins (CKIs)
Covalent modification (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation)

Question 18

What is P21?

Answer 18

Cdk inhibitor

Question 19

What are the 5 critical DNA damage checkpoints?

Answer 19

G1/S
Mid S
G2/M
M
Post-M

Question 20

What occurs at the G1/S checkpoint?

Answer 20

DNA damage assessment

Question 21

What occurs at the Mid S checkpoint?

Answer 21

DNA replication checkpoint I

Question 22

What occurs at the G2/M checkpoint?

Answer 22

DNA replication checkpoint II

Question 23

What occurs at the M checkpoint?

Answer 23

Spindle assembly checkpoint

Question 24

What occurs at the Post-M checkpoint?

Answer 24

Polyploidy checkpoint

Question 25

What may occur if the Mid S checkpoint doesn't function?

Answer 25

Telomere dysfunction Rearrangements Amplifications

Question 26

What do tumor suppressors do?

Answer 26

Monitor for irreparable damage to DNA | Send cells into apoptosis

Question 27

What are the 2 big tumor suppressors?

Answer 27

p53 pRb (they are transcription regulators)

Question 28

What does p53 do?

Answer 28

Halts the cell cycle to allow time for repair | Regulates transcription of p21 and GADD45

Question 29

What does M-cdk target?

Answer 29

Condensins | Laminin

Question 30

What are condensins involved in?

Answer 30

Chromosome condensation

Question 31

What is laminin involved in?

Answer 31

Phosphorylation of laminin causes it to depolymerize and the nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 32

What are the 2 mitotic proteins?

Answer 32

M-cdk | APC

Question 33

What doe APC work on?

Answer 33

Securin Separase Cohesins

Question 34

What is securin?

Answer 34

A separase inhibitor - initiates anaphase

Question 35

What is/what does separase do?

Answer 35

A protease | Targets cohesin so that sister chromatids separate

Question 36

What does cohesin do?

Answer 36

Holds sister chromatids together