Cell Cycle Vocabulary

Question 1

Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

process by which a cell divides it nucleus and contents

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 3

the process that divides the cell cytoplasm

Answer 3

cytokinesis

Question 4

one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

proteins that organize chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

Answer 5

histone

Question 6

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

Answer 6

chromatin

Question 7

one half of duplicated chromosome

Answer 7

chromatid

Question 8

region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attached during meiosis and mitosis

Answer 8

centromere

Question 9

repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the lose of genes

Answer 9

telomere

Question 10

first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the centromes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 10

prophase

Question 11

second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosome along the cell equator

Answer 11

metaphase

Question 12

third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 12

anaphase

Question 13

last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble

Answer 13

telophase

Question 14

common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Answer 14

cancer

Question 15

having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous

Answer 15

benign

Question 16

cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health

Answer 16

malignant

Question 17

substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

Answer 17

carcinogen

Question 18

process by which off spring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes.

Answer 18

a sexual reproduction

Question 19

asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts

Answer 19

binary fission

Question 20

to spread by transferring a dis-case-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body

Answer 20

metastasize

Question 21

cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs except gametes

Answer 21

somatic cell

Question 22

sex cell an egg or a sperm cell

Answer 22

gamete

Question 23

chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ

Answer 23

homologous chromosome

Question 24

chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism

Answer 24

autosome

Question 25

chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics.

Answer 25

sex chromosome

Question 26

process by which two gametes fuse; and offspring that are genetic mixture of both parents are produced.

Answer 26

sexual reproduction

Question 27

fusion of an egg and sperm cell

Answer 27

fertilization

Question 28

cells that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm

Answer 28

diploid

Question 29

cell that has only one copy of each chromosome

Answer 29

haploid

Question 30

form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for reproduction

Answer 30

meiosis

Question 31

male gamete

Answer 31

sperm

Question 32

female gamete

Answer 32

egg

Question 33

haploid cell produced during meiosis in the females of many species; these cells have little more than DNA and eventually disintergrate

Answer 33

polar body

Question 34

The 3 parts of the cell cycle are

Answer 34

interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 35

The 3 phases of interphase are

Answer 35

G1, S, and G2

Question 36

The steps of mitosis in order are

Answer 36

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 37

The female sex chromosomes are

Answer 37

XX

Question 38

The male chromosomes are

Answer 38

XY

Question 39

The female gamete is

Answer 39

egg

Question 40

The male gamete is

Answer 40

sperm

Question 41

Sex cells are also known as

Answer 41

gametes

Question 42

body cells are also know as

Answer 42

somatic cells

Question 43

sex cells are made during

Answer 43

meiosis

Question 44

body cells are made during

Answer 44

mitosis

Question 45

There are _______ chromosomes in the somatic celss of a human

Answer 45

46

Question 46

The are _________chromosomes in the sex cells or gametes of a human.

Answer 46

23

Question 47

Somatic cells are

Answer 47

diploid

Question 48

Gametes or sex cells are

Answer 48

haploid

Question 49

a picture of an organism's entire set of chromosomes

Answer 49

karyotype

Question 50

the exchanging of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes

Answer 50

crossing over