Cell death

Question 1

necrosis definition

Answer 1

pathological cell death

Question 2

apoptosis definition

Answer 2

programmed cell death
- radiation, chemo, etc–> apoptosis

Question 3

apoptosis characteristics

Answer 3

• death of a single cell
• membrane blebbing
• apoptotic bodies
• shrink
• little inflammation response
• “tidy”= phagocytosis phagocytes
• ATP is required
• DNA ladder= non-random DNA cleavage

Question 4

necrosis characteristics

Answer 4

• lots of cells
• swell–> lyse
• significant imflammatory response
• “messy”
• no ATP required
• smear (random DNA cleavage)

Question 5

Rita Levi Montalcini

Answer 5

• embryologist–> chick embryos
• brain
• 1986: nobel prize–> NGF (nerve growth factor)

Question 6

John Kerr

Answer 6

• took a liver cell, added a portal vein pumping blood in
• ligated the vein so there was no blood going in–> death=necrosis, “shrinking necrosis”= apoptosis

Question 7

Robert Horvitz

Answer 7

• 2002 Nobel prize
• looked at how genes regulate tissue and organ development via programmed cell death/ apoptotic

Question 8

cell biology

Answer 8

• multidisciplinary science that involves engineering, biotech, bioethics, religion, politics, federal regulation and of course all the research tools that we discussed a the beginning

Question 9

bioethics

Answer 9

• we can now do things that are considered by many as not ethical
• will be your decision on what is ethical aby supporting/not supporting federal legislation

Question 10

Polygenic risk scores

Answer 10

• can predict through pre-implantation genetic diagnosis disease probability– A legal procedure in the US

Question 11

blatoids

Answer 11

pre-implantation constructs generated from human stem cells that model pre-implantation human blastocysts
- better understand how they stick to the uterine wall
- test novel agent such as FDA approved SC144 that are non-hormonal contraceptives
- Improve IVF procedures
- Is this human life?

Question 12

anthrobot

Answer 12

a type of biobot that they show can assemble as a group into superbots
- can construct from patient’s own cells to perform therapeutic work without the risk of triggering an immune response or requiring immunosuppression
- facilitated repair of neurons in culture using an unknown mechanism

Question 13

urea powered nanobots

Answer 13

• deliver radionucleotides to bladders and in mice model, bladder tumor is reduced by 90%