Cell Death and Renewal Study Guide Flashcards
(18 cards)
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, steps of apoptosis, examples of apoptosis
Embryonic morphogenesis
Wiring of the developing nervous system
50% of neurons die, fail to make connections with target cells
Regulation of cell viability by hormones and growth factors (most cells die if they fail to receive survival signals from other cells)
Mis-regulation of apoptosis contributes to cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, AIDs, ischemia (stroke, heart disease)
Necrosis: the process of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury and cells die as the result of cell lysis. Necrosis will cause inflammation in the nearby tissue
Necrosis: the process of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury and cells die as the result of cell lysis. Necrosis will cause inflammation in the nearby tissue
What is the apoptotic signal?
Phosphatidylserine on cell surface that normally on cytosolic face
Ced-3 is caspase involved in apoptosis
Ced-3 is caspase involved in apoptosis
Members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate…
life and death for the cell, some antiapoptotic and some are proapoptotic
Process of mitochondria induced apoptosis
-Bcl2 family members, Bax and Bak (multidomain proapoptotic proteins) form oligomers in Outer Membrane of mitochondria (don’t know exact mechanism)
-Cytochrome C is released from inter membrane space
-Activates apoptosome
Reaper, Hid, Grim inhibits…
inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) to induce apoptosis
P53 involved in
either delay its cell cycle or induced apoptosis of DNA damaged cell
A major pathway that signals cell survival and inhibits cell death is the…
PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway
Most cells in adult animals are in which stage of the cell cycle?
G0
Stem cell proliferation:
Stem cells divide to produce one daughter cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that differentiates to other cell. Stems cells exhibit a property of self renewal
platelet-derived growth factor does what?
stimulates Fibroblasts to exit G0 and proliferate
satellite cells are…
stem cells of the skeletal muscle
removal LIF (leukemia inhibitor factor) leads to…
differentiation of stem cells; LIF signals through the JAK/STAT pathway
Experiments by Takahashi and Yamanaka showed that…
only four transcription factors ( Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-myc) introduced by retroviral expression are capable of transforming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.
C-myc potentially acts as oncogene
C-myc potentially acts as oncogene
Which Core transcription factors can induce pluripotent?
Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog
What is transdifferentiation?
reprogramming somatic cells into other types of differentiated cells
