Cell Division Flashcards
(29 cards)
What do you understand by cell cycle
Cell Cycle is the events or processes when a mature single cell passes to divide into 2 new cells
The two types of cell division are
Mitosis and Meiosis
Does Interphase happen before mitosis and meiosis
Yes it does
What are the stages of Interphase
G1 or Gap 1 phase
Synthetic (S)phase
G2 or Gap 2 phase
What happens in the G1 phase
-More organelles are formed
-synthesize proteins and enzymes
-Repairing any cell that has damage
What happens in the S phase in Interphase
DNA is replicated
What happens in the G2 phase
Regulation of Cell growth
In Interphase DNA is replicated T or F
True
Chromosomes are counted by the number of
Centromeres present
What is a centromere?
A part of a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together
After interphase how many chromosome and chromatids are present
46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids
What is a chromatid
A strand of replicated(identical) chromosome
Cells that go back to the G1 phase in the cell cycle are called
Labile cells(proliferative cells) eg skin cell,GI tract cells,urinary tract cells,hematopoetic stem cells in the red bone marrow
Cells that are resting G0 phase and do not go through the cell cycle unless a stimuli or growth factor is involved is
Stable cells eg liver cells(Hepatocytes) cells in the pancreas,epithelium of kidney tubules
Cells that do not go through the cell cycle again (GI, S and G2 and Mitotic phase are
Permanent cells eg neuron cells,skeletal muscle cells,cardiac muscle cells
5 difference between MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
In MITOSIS two daughter cells are formed while in MEIOSIS four daughter cells are formed
Mitosis occurs in somatic/body cell while in Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells(sperm and eggs)
Mitosis occurs in only one stage
Meiosis occurs in two stages which are Meiosis 1 &2
In Mitosis the two daughter cells are identical while in Meiosis the four daughters cells are genetically different
In Mitosis they have the same number of chromosomes with the parent cell while in meiosis they have different number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell
In Mitosis it occurs in all living things except virus while in Meiosis it occurs in animals plants and fungi
Mitosis is divided into 4 stages which are
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Acronym(PMAT
Meiosis is divided into 8 stages which are
Prophase 1&2
Metaphase 1&2
Anaphase 1&2
Telophase 1&2
What happens in prophase 1 in meiosis 1
Crossing over occurs
What happens in Metaphase 1 in meiosis
The chromosomes are going to be in pairs in the middle of the cell
In Meiosis 1 what happens in the Anaphase 1
The chromosomes are being pulled away
In meiosis 1 what happens in the Telophase 1
2 new cells are formed
In Meiosis 2 what happens in the anaphase 2
The chromatids are being pulled away
In Meisos 2 what happens in the Telophase 2
4 new cells are formed
