Cell Division. Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is it called when cells become specialised?
Differentiation.
What is the job of the sperm cell?
To join with an ovum (egg cell).
What is the process of a sperm joining with an egg called?
Fertilisation.
Where do sperm cells contain their genetic information?
In the nucleus.
What three adaptations do Sperm cells have?
- Long tail
- Streamlined Tail
- Lots of Mitochondria
What is a benefit of a sperm cell having a long tail?
Can swim to the ovum.
What is a benefit of a sperm cell having a lot of mitochondria?
Provides energy needed for swimming.
What is the job of a nerve cell?
To send electrical impulses around the body.
What part of a nerve cell carries the electrical impulse?
The axon.
What is myelin?
It insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.
Where are the synapses?
On the end of a nerve cell.
Function of Synapses?
They are junctions that allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another.
Function of dendrites?
Increase the surface area so that other nerve cells can connect more easily.
What do muscle cells do?
Contract.
What is a benefit of a muscle cell containing lots of mitochondria?
More energy for contraction.
Function of root hairs?
Increase the surface area of the root so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively.
Why dont root hairs have chloroplast?
They’re underground so it isnt needed.
Where are xylem found?
The plant stem.
What do xylem form?
Long tubes
What do the long tubes in xylem do?
Carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Are xylem walls thin or thick?
They are thick.
What do the thick walls in the xylem do?
Provide support to the plant.
What do the thick walls in xylem contain?
Lignin
Why do the xylem cells die?
The cell walls are sealed with lignin and this is why the xylem cell dies.
