Cell Division

Question 1

Cell division which major purpose is to growth and to replace worn out cells

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

Mitos means _______

Answer 2

warp thread

Question 3

Who coined the term mitosis in the year 1882?

Answer 3

Walther Flemming

Question 4

What are the alternative names for mitosis?

Answer 4

Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis

Question 5

• equational division
• 1887

Answer 5

August FreidrichWeismann

Question 6

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?

Answer 6

2 daughter cells

Question 7

Are the daughter cells and parent cells genetically identical to each other?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How many chromosomes does each cell have?

Answer 8

43 Chromosomes

Question 9

How many PAIRS of chromosomes does each cell have?

Answer 9

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 10

How many times does a parent cell undergo mitosis?

Answer 10

Once

Question 11

How many division does mitosis have?

Answer 11

4 division

Question 12

The 4 division of Mitosis

Answer 12

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 13

Responsible for holding the sister chromatids together

Answer 13

Centromere

Question 14

Parts of Chromosomes

Answer 14

p arm, q arm, telomere

Question 15

Is defined as the division of the nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle

Answer 15

Karyokinesis

Question 16

Where do spindle fibers attach?

Answer 16

Kinetochore

Question 17

is a cell or organism that has just a single copy of each chromosome.

Answer 17

Haploid or monoploid

Question 18

in this phase:
- nucleus disappears
- spindle fiber forms in the cytoplasm
- spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids
- there is a complete migration of centrioles in the opposite poles of a cell
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 18

Prophase

Question 19

in this phase:
- chromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell
- chromosomes align at the center of the cell called the equatorial plate

Answer 19

Metaphase

Question 20

in this phase:
- the spindle fiber disassembles
- nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids
- nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear
- chromosomes decondenses to chromatin

Answer 20

Telophase

Question 21

sister chromatids pulled apart to the opposite poles of the cell due to the shortening of spindle fiber and this phase occur rapidly

Answer 21

Anaphase

Question 22

Division of cytoplasm

Answer 22

Cytokinesis

Question 23

in this phase:
- cleavage furrow are form, from a parent cell it will produce two haploid daughter cell which is genetically identical to the parent cell

Answer 23

Cytokinesis

Question 24

• have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell from which they were formed
• identical to each other but smaller than the parent cell
• must grow in size to become mature cells (gap one of interface)

Answer 24

daughter cells of mitosis

Question 25

- used for growth and repair - produce two new cells identical to the original cells - cells are diploid

Answer 25

eukaryotic cell division

Question 26

cause cancerous tumors

Answer 26

uncontrolled mitosis

Question 27

- special proteins that increase the chance that a normal cell develop into a tumor cell - produce cancer cell

Answer 27

oncogens

Question 28

type of cell where the process mitosis occur

Answer 28

somatic cell

Question 29

type of cell where the process of meiosis occur

Answer 29

gametic cells

Question 30

number of cell division in mitosis

Answer 30

one

Question 31

number of cell division in meiosis

Answer 31

two

Question 32

number of chromosomes in parent cell and daughter cell in mitosis

Answer 32

diploid number of chromosome in both parent and daughter cell

Question 33

number of chromosomes in parent and daughter cell in meiosis

Answer 33

diploid number in parent cell but haploid number in 4 daughter cell

Question 34

stages or phases in meiosis

Answer 34

meiotic first division, meiotic second division

Question 35

final product of mitosis

Answer 35

two deployed cell that are totally identical

Question 36

final product of meiosis

Answer 36

four haploid cells that are non identical because of recombination of genes in gametes

Question 37

process of cell division that produces haploid gametes

Answer 37

meiosis

Question 38

also called as the reduction division

Answer 38

meiosis

Question 39

he is a german biologist that discover and describe meiosis for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876

Answer 39

Oscar Hertwig

Question 40

a british cytologist who found different numbers of chromosomes in different cells

Answer 40

Pierre-Joseph van Beneden

Question 41

contain two copies of each chromosome (one from the sperm one from the egg) called as the homologous chromosome

Answer 41

zygote

Question 42

True or False gametes contain half the number of chromosome compared to somatic cells (non reproductive cell or cell bodies)

Answer 42

True

Question 43

fussion of gametes

Answer 43

fertilization

Question 44

XY

Answer 44

Male

Question 45

XX

Answer 45

female

Question 46

number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Answer 46

Ploidy level

Question 47

how many chromosomes do haploid cells have?

Answer 47

23 chromosomes

Question 48

how many chromosomes does diploid cells have?

Answer 48

46 chromosomes

Question 49

- process of duplicating a chromosome - prior to division

Answer 49

Replication

Question 50

lack of chromosome

Answer 50

monosomy

Question 51

has excess chromosome

Answer 51

trisomy

Question 52

unique features of meiosis

Answer 52

synapsis, crossing over, and reduction division

Question 53

in this feature of meiosis the homologous chromosome pair all along their length and form a tetrad

Answer 53

feature #1: synapsis

Question 54

in this feature of meiosis there is an exchange of genetic material from homologous chromosomes, this causes genetic variations

Answer 54

Feature #2: Crossing Over

Question 55

in this feature of meiosis each cell contains 1/2 the genetic material

Answer 55

Feature #3: Reduction Division

Question 56

stages of prophase 1

Answer 56

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

Question 57

In this stage of Prophase 1: - leptonema - chromosomes condenses into long threads - two sister chromatids are tightly bound - flower bouquet phase

Answer 57

Leptotene

Question 58

In this stage of Prophase 1: - zygonema - forms tetrad - synopsis or syndesis - bivalent - synaptonemal complex

Answer 58

Zygotene

Question 59

Pair of homologous chromosome lying together

Answer 59

Bivalent

Question 60

This is formed in between two homologous chromosomes

Answer 60

Synaptonemal Complex

Question 61

In this stage of Prophase 1: - dyads - crossing over - breakage and reunion of chromatid segments mediated by the endonuclecase and ligase responsible for the origin of new species and does leads to evolution - pachynema

Answer 61

Pachytene

Question 62

In this stage of Prophase 1: - disjunction - chiasmata

Answer 62

Diplotene

Question 63

homologous chromosomes start separating

Answer 63

disjunction

Question 64

- clearly visible as X shape - sites where the crossing over occur during pachytene - helps in holding homologous chromosome

Answer 64

Chiasmata

Question 65

displacement of chiasmata toward the terminal position

Answer 65

terminalization

Question 66

- shortest phase of meiosis - homologous chromosomes align at the center of the cell - spindle fiber attach at the kinetochore

Answer 66

Metaphase 1

Question 67

- separation of the homologous chromosomes - moves towards the opposite poles - separate due to shortening of spindle fiber - actual reduction of chromosomes take place - this phase of meiosis corresponds to Mendel's law of Independent Assortment - introduces Genetic Variability

Answer 67

Anaphase 1