Cell division

Question 1

What are chromosomes

Answer 1

structures that provide continuity between one generation of cells and the next

Question 2

Chromosomes consist of …, the genetic material of the cell, wrapped in ……

Answer 2

DNA - protein

Question 3

Homologous pair

Answer 3

A pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) that have the same genes at the same locations, but may have different versions (alleles)

Question 4

How many chromosomes are in the human

Answer 4

46 chromosomes

Question 5

Diploid cells

Answer 5

Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes—one set from each parent.

Represented as 2n.

Found in most body (somatic) cells of animals and plants.

Question 6

Haploid cells

Answer 6

Cells that contain only one set of chromosomes.

Represented as n.

Found in sex cells (gametes) like sperm and egg

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

A type of cell division where a diploid cell divides to form two identical diploid daughter cells.

Used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT).

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

A type of cell division that produces four non-identical haploid cells (gametes).

Reduces the chromosome number by half (from diploid to haploid).

Occurs in sex cells for sexual reproduction.

Includes two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Increases genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.