Cell Division

Question 1

What does a chromosome refer to?

Answer 1

Condensed DNA

Question 2

What does a chromatid refer to?

Answer 2

Decondensed DNA

Question 3

What does DNA wrap around when condensed?

Answer 3

Histones

Question 4

What does homologous mean?

Answer 4

Refers to the way chromosomes are paired. Same size, same traits.

Question 5

What’s an autosome

Answer 5

A basic chromosome.

Question 6

What happens in G1?

Answer 6

Cells grow

Cells undergo life function

Question 7

What happens in S?

Answer 7

Cells double their DNA

Question 8

What happens in G2?

Answer 8

Cell prepares for division

Question 9

What is karyokinesis?

Answer 9

Nucleus (DNA) Movement

Question 10

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 10

Cell Movement

Question 11

Describe the events of Prophase.

Answer 11

DNA will condense
Nucleus breaks apart
2 centrosomes move to the poles

Question 12

Describe the events of metaphase.

Answer 12

The chromosomes line up ON the equatorial plate.

Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore of the centromere.

Question 13

Describe the events of anaphase.

Answer 13

Start of cytokinesis
Start of karyokinesis
DNA begins to decondense
Nucleus begins to form again

Question 14

Describe the events of telophase.

Answer 14

Nucleus now almost formed

Cells now almost separate

Question 15

What are the effects of chemotherapy?

Answer 15

Interrupts cell cycle

Effects all cells

Question 16

What are the effects of radiation therapy?

Answer 16

Cancer cells are more susceptible to radiation

Nausea, hair loss, lose elasticity

Question 17

Describe the events of Prophase I?

Answer 17

DNA will condense
Nucleus breaks apart
2 centrosomes move to the poles
Recombination also takes place.

Question 18

What is recombination?

Answer 18

A random exchange of genes between chromosomes. This process increases the genetic variation amongst the gametes produced and can only occur during prophase I.

Question 19

Describe the events of metaphase I.

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up on either side of the equatorial plate

Sister chromosomes stick together

Question 20

Describe the events of anaphase I.

Answer 20

Chromosomes are segregated
Homologs are pulled to separate sides of the cell
DNA starts to decondense

Question 21

Describe the events of telophase I.

Answer 21

Nucleus now almost formed

Cells now almost separate

Question 22

What is Meiotic interphase?

Answer 22

A pause
No metabolism
No DNA replication
Nothing like interphase in cell cycle

Question 23

Describe the events of prophase II.

Answer 23

DNA will condense
Sister Chromosomes join
Nucleus breaks apart
2 centrosomes move to the poles

Question 24

Describe the events of metaphase II.

Answer 24

The chromosomes line up ON the equatorial plate.

Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore of the centromere.

Question 25

Describe the events of anaphase II.

Answer 25

Start of cytokinesis Start of karyokinesis DNA begins to decondense Nucleus begins to form again

Question 26

Describe the events of telophase II.

Answer 26

Nucleus now almost formed | Cells now almost separate

Question 27

What is a nondisjunction?

Answer 27

A failure to properly segregate chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 28

In what division is a nondisjunction most common?

Answer 28

Meiosis I

Question 29

What is (2n + 1)?

Answer 29

Trisomy #

Question 30

What is (2n - 1)?

Answer 30

Monosomy #

Question 31

What is down syndrome?

Answer 31

Trisomy 21

Question 32

What is the syndrome of down syndrome?

Answer 32

``` Abnormality in face Pronounced epicanthal folds Wide-set eyes Pronounced forehead Enlarged Tongue Shorter Mental retardation Short lifespan Delayed puberty ```

Question 33

What is Turner's Syndrome?

Answer 33

Monosomy 23

Question 34

What is the syndrome of Turner's Syndrome?

Answer 34

``` Considered female Shorter than normal Can have mental retardation Generally, can live on own Broad neck Odd ear placement Sterile without hormone therapy ```

Question 35

What is Klinefelter's?

Answer 35

One type of Trisomy 23: XXY

Question 36

What are the effects of Klinefelter's?

Answer 36

Breasts Grow | Hips Widen

Question 37

What are the effects of Trisomic females?

Answer 37

No effect on woman | Can have effect on her children

Question 38

What are the effects of Trisomic males?

Answer 38

Slightly taller than average.

Question 39

Describe Alternation of Generation.

Answer 39

A diploid adult undergoes meiosis to produce haploid offspring. These haploid offsprings grow to be adults. Then, they undergo mitosis to create gametes that will combine and create diploid offspring.