Cell Division

Question 1

List the stages of the cell cycle (mitosis)

Answer 1

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 2

What happens during interphase?

Answer 2

DNA replication & increase in organelles

Question 3

What happens during prophase?

Answer 3

Chromosomes condense, and nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 4

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 4

Chromosomes line up at the equator

Question 5

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 5

Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres and pull chromosomes to opposite poles

Question 6

What happens during telophase?

Answer 6

Cytokinesis occurs and then the nuclear membrane reforms

Question 7

Why is mitosis important for an organism?

Answer 7

Growth

Repair

Asexual reproduction

Question 8

What is made at the end of mitosis?

Answer 8

Two diploid, genetically identical, daughter cells

Question 9

Why do some organisms rely on asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

It makes genetically identical individuals very quickly to colonise and area.

Question 10

What is cancer

Answer 10

A FUCKING BITCH!!

Real definition:

Uncontrolled mitosis forming a mass of abnormal cells (a tumour)

Question 11

Define growth.

Answer 11

An increase in cell number and size or mass.

Question 12

What is a stem cell?

Answer 12

An undifferentiated cell

Question 13

Which measurements are usually recorded to check the growth of a baby?

Answer 13

Length, mass and head circumference.

Question 14

A baby is measured and is said to be on the 75th percentile. What does this mean?

Answer 14

75% of babies of that age are lighter and 25% are heavier

Fat bby!

Question 15

What might cause a baby to veer off a percentile line on a growth chart?

Answer 15

Obesity

Malnutrition

Question 16

What happens to plant cells during elongation?

Answer 16

The vacuoles fill with water, lengthening the cell before the cell wall hardens.

Question 17

How is the structure of the ciliated epithelial cell related to its function?

Answer 17

Cilia waft mucus away from the lungs

Question 18

How is the structure of a sperm cell related to its function?

Answer 18

Tail so it can move

Lots of mitochondria for energy

Acrosome enzymes to penetrate the egg

Question 19

Name specialise plant cell responsible for photosynthesis

Answer 19

Palisade cell

Question 20

Name a specialised plant cell responsible for absorbing water.

Answer 20

Root hair cell

Question 21

Which tissue in plants contain stem cells?

Answer 21

The meristems

Question 22

What is very special about embryonic stem cells?

Answer 22

They have the potential to differentiate into all different types of cell

Question 23

Where are adult stem cells found?

Answer 23

Bone marrow

Question 24

Why are adult stem cells less useful than embryonic ones?

Answer 24

They have the potential to become only a limited variety of specialised cells.

Question 25

Which specialised plant tissue is responsible for transporting water?

Answer 25

Xylem

Question 26

Which specialised plant tissue is responsible for transporting sugars?

Answer 26

Phloem

Question 27

Suggest three risks from Stella gem therapy.

Answer 27

Tumours Diseases Rejection

Question 28

What is the usual effect of damage to the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Paralysis

Question 29

List the component of the stimulus response pathway.

Answer 29

``` Stimulus Receptor Sensory neurone CNS Motor neurone Effector Response ```

Question 30

Which neurone takes an impulse form the CNS to the effector?

Answer 30

Motor neurone

Question 31

Which neurone takes an impulse from the receptor to the CNS?

Answer 31

Sensory neurone

Question 32

Which neurone carries messages within the CNS

Answer 32

Relay neurone

Question 33

What is an effector

Answer 33

A muscle or a gland

Question 34

What is meant by reaction time

Answer 34

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

Question 35

What does a receptor do?

Answer 35

Response to a stimulus

Question 36

Name a receptor in the skin

Answer 36

Pain Temperature Pressure Receptor

Question 37

Where to axons carry impulses

Answer 37

Away from the cell body

Question 38

Dendrites and dendrons carry impulses where?

Answer 38

Toward the cell body

Question 39

What is the myelin sheath for on some axons?

Answer 39

Insulation To speed up neurotransmission

Question 40

Why are neurones long?

Answer 40

To speed up transmission of impulses and to connect with many other cells

Question 41

What is the gap between two neurones called

Answer 41

A synapse

Question 42

What diffuses across a synapse?

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters

Question 43

Do synapses slow down or speed up impulses

Answer 43

Slow them down

Question 44

Define a reflex

Answer 44

A fast, automatic protective response

Question 45

Which part of the CNS is often missed out in a reflex in order to speed up the response time

Answer 45

The brain

Question 46

Why is the use of embryonic stem cells controversial

Answer 46

The cell may have had the potential for human life

Question 47

Suggest an ethical reason for the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine.

Answer 47

To cure diseases and prevent suffering.