Cell Division And Reproduction

Question 1

Where are sperm cells made?

Answer 1

Seminiferous tubules

Question 2

What is the name of process by which gametes are made?

Answer 2

Gametogenesis

Question 3

What is the name of the process by which egg cells are made?

Answer 3

Oogenesis

Question 4

What is the name of the process by which sperm cells are made?

Answer 4

Spermatogenesis

Question 5

What is the name of the single layer of cells that undergoes regular mitosis producing other cells?

Answer 5

Germinal epithelium

Question 6

What is the germinal epithelium

Answer 6

A single layer of cells that undergoes regular mitosis producing other cells

Question 7

What are the three stages of gametogenesis?

Answer 7

1. Multiplication
2. Growth
3. Maturation

Question 8

What occurs in the multiplication phase of gametogenesis?

Answer 8

Cells in germinal epithelium divide by mitosis to produce many cells - called oogonia or spermatogonia

Question 9

What occurs in the growth phase of gametogenesis

Answer 9

The oogonia/spermatogonia grow into primary oocytes or primary spermatocytes

Question 10

What occurs in the maturation phase of gametogenesis

Answer 10

The cells mature by meiosis into eggs or sperm

Question 11

By what process does the primary spermatocyte divide to make two secondary spermatocytes?

Answer 11

Meiosis I

Question 12

By what process does the primary oocytes divide to make a secondary oocyte and a polar body?

Answer 12

Meiosis I

Question 13

By what process do the two secondary spermatocytes divide to make four spermatids?

Answer 13

Meiosis II

Question 14

By what process does the secondary oocyte divide to make an ovum and a second polar body?

Answer 14

Meiosis II

Question 15

Are germinal epithelium cells haploid or diploid?

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

Are spermatogonia haploid or diploid?

Answer 16

Diploid

Question 17

Are primary spermatocytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

Are secondary spermatocytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 18

Haploid

Question 19

Are spermatids haploid or diploid?

Answer 19

Haploid

Question 20

Are oogonia haploid or diploid?

Answer 20

Diploid

Question 21

Are primary oocytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 21

Diploid

Question 22

Are secondary oocytes haploid or diploid?

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

Name the parts of a sperm cell.

Answer 23

Flagellum
Middle piece (containing mitochondria)
Acrosome (contains hydrolytic enzymes)
Nucleus

Question 24

Where do sperm travel inside the male?

Answer 24

From the testes (in the seminiferous tubules) to the epididymis then into the vas deferens.

Question 25

When does oogenesis occur?

Answer 25

Half before birth, the other half just before ovulation

Question 26

Where does a cell move towards as it develops?

Answer 26

Closer to the lumen in the middle of the lubule

Question 27

What are Sertoli cells?

Answer 27

Very large non dividing cells that nourish the sperm cells as the develop in the lubule

Question 28

Where do oocytes develop?

Answer 28

Inside follicles

Question 29

Describe the life cycle of a follicle.

Answer 29

Each follicle starts off as a layer of cells around the oocyte but eventually develops into a fluid filled sac called a Graafian follicle

Question 30

What happens to the Graafian follicle after use?

Answer 30

The empty follicle forms a yellow body known as the corpus luteum

Question 31

At what point does oogenesis stop before birth?

Answer 31

In prophase of meiosis II

Question 32

How many ova does oogenesis make?

Answer 32

1

Question 33

How many sperm cells does spermatogenesis make?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

What is the germinal epithelium (oogenesis)?

Answer 34

Outer layer of the ovary

Question 35

What is fertilisation?

Answer 35

The joining of two gametes to form a diploid zygote

Question 36

Where does successful fertilisation occur?

Answer 36

Upper part of the oviduct

Question 37

How long can sperm survive for?

Question 38

What is capacitation?

Answer 38

Changes that happen in the head of the sperm cell which makes it capable of fertilisation

Question 39

What two things does capacitation involve?

Answer 39

1. The cell surface membrane of the sperm head is stripped of the glycoprotein it acquired in the epididymis. 2. The acrosome reaction occurs - when the front of the sperm touches the zona pellucida of the egg, the acrosome bursts and releases enzymes which digest a channel in the zona pellucida

Question 40

What is the acrosome reaction?

Answer 40

-capacitated spermatozoa UNFINISHED