Cell division etc Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are alleles?
Different versions of a gene.
What is anaphase?
A stage of cell division when chromosomes or chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell.
What is asexual reproduction?
The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
What is the cell cycle?
The highly ordered sequence of events that take place in a cell, resulting in division of the nucleus and the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is a centromere?
The region at which two chromatids are held together.
What are checkpoints?
Control mechanisms of the cell cycle.
What are chromatids?
Two identical copies of DNA (a chromosome) held together at a centromere.
What is cytokinesis?
Cell division stage in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle that results in the production of two identical daughter cells.
What is differentiation?
The process of a cell becoming specialised. It involves the selective expression of genes in a cell’s genome.
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that has two copies of each chromosome.
What are gametes?
A sex cell e.g. sperm or egg cell.
What is genetic variation?
A variety of different combinations of alleles in a population.
What is a haploid cell?
A cell that has one copy of each chromosome.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
What is independent assortment?
The arrangement of each homologous chromosome pair in metaphase 1 and the chromatids in metaphase 2 of meiosis – resulting in genetic variation.
What is interphase?
Growth period of the cell cycle between cell divisions. Consists of G1, S and G2.
What is meiosis?
Form of cell division where the nucleus divides twice resulting in four daughter cells with half the chromosome number.
What is meristem?
Tissue found at regions of growth in plants. Contains stem cells.
What is metaphase?
Stage of cell division when chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
What is mitosis?
Form of cell division where the nucleus divides once to create two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
What is a multipotent stem cell?
A stem cell that can only differentiate into a range of cell types within a certain type of tissue.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
What is a pluripotent stem cell?
A stem cell that can differentiate into any type of cell, but not form an entire organism.
